Highly Aligned Ternary Nanofiber Matrices Loaded with MXene Expedite Regeneration of Volumetric Muscle Loss

Highlights The aligned ternary nanofibrous matrices composed of poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone), collagen, and Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanoparticles were fabricated (referred as PCM matrices). The aligned PCM matrices exhibited favorable physicochemical properties and excellent cytocompatibility and myogenic properties, which in turn promoted fast regeneration of volumetric muscle loss in vivo. The Ca 2+ binding of MXene nanoparticles activated inducible nitric oxide synthase and serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1-mediated mTOR-AKT pathway to promote myoblast differentiation and maturation.