许昌职业技术学院

Based on panel data from 31 provinces in China spanning 2012 to 2023,this article systematically investigates the spatial association network of pig farming carbon emission efficiency and its driving factors by employing an integrated methodology including the SBM model,a modified gravity model,social network analysis(SNA),and the Tobit model.The results showed that the carbon emission efficiency of Chinese pig farming showed an upward trend from 2012 to 2023.Modified gravity model analysis showed that the inter provincial spatial connectivity strength of carbon emission efficiency in Chinese pig farming had been increasing year by year during the research period.In terms of the overall network characteristics,the coverage of spatial networks was gradually expanding to the western regions,and the network size and connectivity were gradually increasing.Regarding individual node characteristics within the network,provinces such as Sichuan,Henan,Hunan,Shandong,and Yunnan occupied core positions,exerting significant spatial influence,wherea Gansu,Ningxia,and Xizang showed weaker influence.Additionally,Henan,Hubei,Hunan,and Sichuan served crucial'intermediary'and'bridging'roles in the network.The Tobit model further identifies that factors including the scale of pig farming,human capital in pig farming,technological innovation,government subsidies,and pig production volume all had statistically significant positive effects on strengthening the spatial network connections of inter provincial carbon emission efficiency.The study shows that there are significant spatial interactions and networked characteristics in the carbon emission efficiency of Chinese pig farming,which have important significance for promoting regional collaborative emission reduction.

To fully utilize the fermentation potential of the strains for further enhancing the quality of cherry fruit wine,a co-fermentation strategy between non-Saccharomyces yeast extracellular extracts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was constructed in this study.The effects of the extracellular extracts of four non-Saccharomyces yeast strains,including Pichia kudriavzevii,Hanseniaspora uvarum,Issatchenkia orientalis,and Schizosaccharomyces pombei,on the conventional physicochemical properties,color characteristics,phenolic substances and antioxidant activities of cherry fruit wine were investigated.The results showed that the co-fermentation of non-Saccharomyces yeast extracellular extracts with S.cerevisiae improved the color and physicochemical properties of cherry fruit wines,as well as increased the contents of total flavonoids,total polyphenols,and total anthocyanins,and enhanced the antioxidant activity,which was most prominent with the extracellular extracts of P.kudriavzevii.Compared with the fermentation with S.cerevisiae alone,the co-fermentation of cherry fruit wine with P.kudriavzevii extracellular extract and S.cerevisiae had increased the ethanol,vitamin C and total ester content by 8.52%,5.13%,and 8.69%,and the contents of total flavonoids,total polyphenols,and total anthocyanins were increased by 21.78%,14.27%,and 33.50%,and the scavenging rates of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical,2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)cation radical,and hydroxyl radical were enhanced by 20.09%,14.18%and 15.59%,respectively.Hence,the co-fermentation of non-Saccharomyces yeast extracellular extracts with S.cerevisiae could effectively improve the qualities and health benefits of cherry fruit wine.

This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides(CDPS)on dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)in mice.Mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,high and low dose CDPS groups,and positive control sulfasalazine group.Except for the normal group,other groups freely consumed 3.5％DSS solution while receiving corresponding drug treatments via gavage.After treatment,general conditions of mice were recorded.Colonic tissue pathological changes were observed.ELISA was used to detect inflammatory factors and mediators in serum and colonic tissue.qPCR measured mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors and pyroptosis pathway-related proteins in colonic tissue.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyzed ZO-1 and Occludin protein expression levels,degree of apoptosis,and pyroptosis pathway protein expression in mouse colonic tissue.Results showed that compared with the model group,both high and low dose CDPS groups significantly improved DSS-induced general conditions and colonic pathological status,reducing pathological scores(by 64.43％and 48.50％respectively,P＜0.01).High and low dose CDPS groups significantly reduced levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and IFN-γ(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05)in serum and colonic tissue,while increasing IL-10 levels(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Additionally,both CDPS doses significantly inhibited iNOS and COX-2 expression in colonic tissue(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that CDPS groups inhibited NLRP3,Caspase-1,and GSDMD-N expression,thereby reducing cell pyroptosis.qPCR analysis confirmed that CDPS groups downregulated mRNA expression of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,NLRP3,Caspase-1 and GSDMD,indicating that CDPS had significant therapeutic effects on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice,with mechanisms potentially related to inhibiting inflammatory response,improving intestinal barrier function,and reducing cell apoptosis and pyroptosis.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(Hippophae rhamnoides Polysaccharides,HRP)on alcoholic hepatitis(AH)and its underlying mechanisms,particularly its effect on the impairment of hepatitis and intestinal barrier in mice.Methods:A mouse model of alcoholic hepatitis was established,and the mice were administered with sea buckthorn polysaccharides(low dose of 100 mg/kg and high dose of 200 mg/kg)by gavage once daily.Effects of HRP on plasma biochemical parameters,liver tissue biochemical indicators,and pathological morphological changes in liver and intestinal tissues were observed.Additionally,the effect of HRP on intestinal permeability,inflammation in colon tissue,and intestinal barrier function was analyzed.Results:Compared with the model group,the levels of AST and ALT in plasma significantly decreased,while ALB increased significantly in the low and high dose HRP groups(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).HRP at both low and high doses significantly reduced the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,and FFA in plasma and increased the level of HDL-C(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).In the liver tissue,HRP significantly reduced the contents of TG and TC,decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α,and increased the levels of liver SOD and GSH,while reducing MDA levels(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Histopathological examination revealed that HRP improved liver structure,reduced fatty degeneration,and inflammatory cell infiltration.Furthermore,HRP significantly reduced plasma LPS and D-lactic acid levels,improved intestinal histopathological changes,increased the expression level of tight junction proteins,and decreased the expression of colonic inflammatory factors(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Conclusion:HRP has a protective effect on alcoholic hepatitis,improving liver damage and intestinal barrier function in mice,and reducing liver lipid accumulation and inflammatory response.

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different silage additives on the nutritional components and fermentation quality of Broussonetia papyrifera silage.Direct silage with 60％water content was used as control group.Each additive group was supplemented with 3.5％molasses(group 1),1 g/kg bacterial enzyme preparation(group 2),5 mL/kg formic acid(group 3),molasses+bacterial enzyme preparation(group 4),molasses+formic acid(group 5),bacterial enzyme preparation+formic acid(group 6),molasses+bacterial enzyme preparation+formic acid(group 7),respectively.Each group contained three replicates.The silage was stored for 60 days.The results showed that the sensory score of the control group was low(average),the sensory score of the group 3 was 14(good),and that of the other groups was equal to or higher than 16(excellent),and the sensory score of the group 7 was the highest(20).Compared to the control group,the dry matter content of the group 2,groups 4 to 7 was significantly increased(P＜0.05),except for group 3,the crude protein and soluble crude protein content in the other groups were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the acid detergent lignin content was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The groups 4 to 7 showed a significant increase in soluble carbohydrate content(P＜0.05).All groups significantly reduced the concentrations of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber(P＜0.05),and significantly increased the non-protein nitrogen content(P＜0.05).Compared to the control group,the pH value and the ratio of ammonium nitrogen to total nitrogen in the all groups were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the lactic acid content was significantly increased(P＜0.05),aerobic stability improved(P＜0.05),with groups 4 to 7 showing significantly higher aerobic stability than groups 1 to 3(P＜0.05),and group 7 had the highest aerobic stability at 65.44 hours.The study indicates that the addition of silage additives during the ensiling process of B.papyrifera can improve sensory scores,nutritional components,fermentation quality,and aerobic stability,with the combination of molasses+microbial enzyme preparation+formic acid showing the better results.