山东中医药高等专科学校

Background: Numerous studies have reported on the epidemiology of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) reinfection and its potential influencing factors; however, findings regarding reinfection rates as well as determinants such as gender, age, residence, and pathogens remain inconsistent. Due to this heterogeneity in reported outcomes, a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis are warranted to consolidate existing evidence. Methods: Effect estimates were expressed as reinfection rates, odds ratio (OR)/hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). When necessary, data were converted to ensure consistency across comparison groups. Results: A thorough search was carried out using the predetermined literature retrieval approach across the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Finally, 9 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. The results indicated that the overall reinfection rate for HFMD was 4.1% (95% CI: 2.0–6.2%). Males compared to females (overall effect = 1.256, 95% CI: 1.176–1.341), younger compared to older children (overall effect = 2.972, 95% CI: 1.512–5.843), scattered children compared to students (overall effect: 4.017, 95% CI: 1.560–10.344), and enterovirus 71 (EV71) compared to non-EV71 enteroviruses (overall effect = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59–0.86) were associated with the HFMD reinfection. Conclusions: The overall HFMD reinfection rate was 4.1% (95% CI: 2.0–6.2%). Male, younger age, kindergarten children, and infection with non-EV71 enteroviruses (compared to EV71), were identified as significant risk factors for recurrent HFMD. Targeted intervention strategies should be developed for these high-risk populations to effectively reduce the incidence of reinfection.

BACKGROUND:Previous longitudinal studies have established a high co-occurrence between internalizing problems and aggression. Yet, debate persists regarding the temporal ordering of their relationships, and few studies have examined the dynamic interplay between their specific symptoms. This study investigates the co-occurrence between internalizing problems and aggression at the symptom level among adolescents. METHODS:This study collected data from 1,672 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.94, SD = 0.73; 54.2% female) across three waves. Cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) analysis was used to explore the co-occurrence of internalizing problems (measured using the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scales) and aggression (assessed via the Brief Aggression Questionnaire). RESULTS:The results indicated that internalizing problems were prospectively associated with aggression from Time 1 to Time 2. Among the internalizing symptoms, social anxiety showed the strongest prospective association with hostility (β = 0.12). In contrast, aggression was prospectively associated with internalizing problems from Time 2 to Time 3, suggesting dynamic, time-varying cross-domain associations. Notably, hostility exhibited the strongest prospective association with social anxiety (β = 0.19). When integrating the two CLPNs, we observed reciprocal and temporally varying associations. Social anxiety and hostility emerged as key bridge symptoms linking internalizing problems and aggression. CONCLUSIONS:At the symptom level, adolescents' internalizing problems and aggression exhibited reciprocal temporal associations. Specifically, hostility and social anxiety functioned as the central bridge symptoms. Targeted interventions aimed at reducing social anxiety and hostility may help disrupt the co-occurrence of internalizing problems and aggression among adolescents.

Background and aims:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with an high incidence rate worldwide. It has recently shown a trend toward affecting younger populations. Total flavonoids from Potentilla discolor Bunge (PB) are associated with antipyretic and antidiarrheal properties. Several studies have also reported that PB exhibits anti-T2DM effects. However, the interactions between PB, T2DM, and gut microbiota, and the underlying mechanisms responsible for PB-mediated regulation of gut microbiota, have not been fully elucidated. This study performed in vitro fermentation, in vivo fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to determine the mechanism by which PB ameliorates T2DM, with specific focus on its effects on gut microbiota. Methods:Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) was used to analyze the flavonoid components in PB. The db/db mice were used as the T2DM model to assess the therapeutic effects of PB. The relationships between PB, T2DM, and gut microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing technology, in vivo FMT, and in vitro fermentation experiments. Fecal non-targeted metabolomics was also used to elucidate the potential mechanisms. Results:In PB, we identified 41 compounds, including 8 flavonoids, 9 flavonols, and 2 dihydroflavonoids. PB effectively reduced the blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (GHb) levels (p < 0.05), increased the levels of insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (p < 0.05), and significantly alleviated T2DM-related damage in the liver, kidney, and pancreas in T2DM model mice (p < 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the main phyla and Ligilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus and Prevotellaceae-UCG were the key bacterial genera in the T2DM mice. Fecal non-targeted metabolomics results identified 15 differential metabolites between control, T2DM, and PB-treated T2DM mice. Metabolites such as isoindoline, ethyl 2-aminobenzoate, L-tyrosine, argininic acid, glutamine, dodecylbenzene, 1-octene, 2,3-pentanedione, benzohydrazide, maslinic acid 3-O-β-D-glucoside and 1-pentanol were significantly upregulated in the T2DM model group, whereas high-dose PB treatment (HPB) effectively reversed these effects and restored their composition to a normal range. Conclusion:The present study demonstrates that PB contains several flavonoid components, which ameliorate glucose metabolism and alleviate organ injury in T2DM mice by restoring gut microbiota homeostasis. Furthermore, identification of 15 differential metabolites by fecal metabolomics provides important information for further in-depth mechanistic research.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health challenge in China. Migrant workers constitute a highly vulnerable population due to high geographic mobility and occupational vulnerability. Despite public health education efforts, a notable intention-action gap disrupts the HBV care cascade. This study integrates serological, spatial, and behavioral data to investigate whether this gap is primarily driven by cognitive deficits or interrupted by underlying structural barriers. A triangulated cross-sectional study was conducted in Yantai, China, involving structured questionnaire surveys (N = 1,184) and serological testing (N = 2,364). The spatial distribution of regional anti-HBs positive rates was mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). An adapted Health Belief Model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a Robust Maximum Likelihood estimator to evaluate the disruptive effects of objective structural constraints—specifically, time poverty, economic constraints, and systemic lack of medical insurance. The serologically confirmed anti-HBs positive rate was 51.10

Sepsis-associated acute liver injury (SALI) is a common and severe complication of sepsis, contributing directly to disease progression and increased mortality. In this study, a series of 20S-protopanaxadiol (20S-PPD) derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties were designed and synthesized. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis at key sites, based on nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assays, identified 9a as the most potent anti-inflammatory derivative. Remarkably, 9a alleviated SALI in a concentration-dependent manner, demonstrating superior efficacy to the glucocorticoid drug hydrocortisone sodium succinate. This protective effect was achieved by suppressing abnormal activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, without activating glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling. The apparent paradox between the effect of 9a on IκB degradation and its anti-inflammatory activity prompted further investigation. Pull-down assays further identified the p65-p50 heterodimer as a target of 9a. Molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) confirmed that 9a bound to the p50 subunit, impairing the DNA-binding capacity of the p65-p50 heterodimer and consequently exerting anti-inflammatory activity. This study provides detailed SAR insights into 20S-PPD derivatives for anti-inflammatory drug development and offers new perspectives on their mechanism of action in mitigating SALI.