中国科学院赣江创新研究院

The development of high-performance NH3-SCR catalysts capable of reconciling low-temperature activity, hydrothermal stability, and resistance to poisoning remains a critical challenge for diesel vehicle emission control. This study identified 3.2 wt% as the optimal cerium (Ce) loading for a bimetallic Cu-Ce/LTA zeolite catalyst, which was synthesized through a sequential ion-exchange and impregnation strategy. The obtained catalyst exhibits over 90 % NOx conversion for NH3-SCR between 250 and 550 degrees C in its fresh state and retains this performance even after hydrothermal aging at 900 degrees C. Characterization by UV-vis, EPR, and H2-TPR reveals that the incorporation of cerium promotes the formation of highly dispersed active CuO species, boosting low temperature SCR activity, while also imparting exceptional hydrothermal robustness up to 900 degrees C. Additionally, Ce doping significantly enhances resistance to hydrocarbon and phosphorus poisons, while maintaining excellent sulfur tolerance. These findings establish a molecular design paradigm for multifunctional zeolite catalysts that balance redox activity, structural resilience, and selective poison resistance in practical SCR systems.

Regulating the critical process of proton migration from water dissociation for boosting alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a challenge. Herein, we propose an electrostatic attraction strategy to achieve the migration of a highly efficient hydrogen species to Pt sites over Pt/Co@NC, which is obtained through a facile calcination and electrodeposition method. It exhibits an outstanding geometric activity (r10 = 31 mV), which surpasses the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C (r10 = 37 mV). Moreover, the mass activity of Pt/Co@NC is 5.6 A mgPt-1 at -50 mV vs. RHE, which is 2.23 times higher than that of 20 wt% Pt/C. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the work function of the outer carbon layer, which is changed by the introduction of the inner cobalt core, plays a crucial role in reversing the direction of electron migration between the carbon layer and Pt. The negatively charged Ptd- can spontaneously attract positively charged protons via the electrostatic interaction effect, thereby achieving the directional migration of hydrogen species. This work presents a strategy for designing advanced alkaline HER electrocatalysts by the electrostatic effect. (c) 2025 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

Acid-resistant nanofiltration (NF) membranes hold great promise for the treatment of metallurgical waste acids; however, their practical deployment is often constrained by limited water permeance. In this study, we systematically investigate a highly permeable acid-stable NF membrane (ASNF), focusing on its structure-property relationships, separation mechanisms, and operational suitability. The ASNF membrane achieves a high water permeance of 9.80 L m(-2) h(-1) bar(-1), attributed to its moderate pore size, thin selective layer, strong hydrophilicity, and highly porous finger-like support structure. Notably, its high positive surface charge (similar to 10 mV at neutral pH) combined with the moderate pore size enables an exceptional rejection of magnesium chloride (>98 %), effectively overcoming the typical trade-off between ion rejection and permeance in acid-resistant NF membranes. ASNF outperforms commercial membranes and those reported in the literature in both permeance and cation selectivity. It also shows excellent chemical stability in 20 % sulfuric, hydrochloric, and phosphoric acid, with negligible loss in performance after 30 days of exposure. In hydrochloric acid systems, enhanced electrostatic repulsion and co-ion competition lead to superior cation selectivity, whereas sulfate ions may reduce cation rejection due to electrostatic attraction. Salt rejection is influenced by pH-dependent ion speciation and electrostatic interactions, as well as by co-ion competition and charge shielding at varying salt concentrations. The membrane also exhibits strong antifouling resistance and scalability. An 1812-type ASNF module demonstrated high ion selectivity under low-pressure operation in lithium slag leachate treatment, underscoring its potential for industrial applications.

The trade‐offs in plant root traits significantly influence the adaptation and community dynamics in heterogeneous habitats. However, the role of inter‐ and intraspecific root trait variation in the adaptation of pioneer plants in stressed mine tailings is poorly understood. We assessed root morphological and chemical traits of 16 dominant species from unexploited forest sites adjacent to rare earth elements (REEs) mine tailings, and three pioneer species ( Miscanthus sinensis , Dicranopteris linearis and Pinus massoniana ) across a gradient of soil stress—including REEs toxicity, nutrient deficiency and compaction—from forest to REEs tailings. In the two‐dimensional root economics space (RES), the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose and silicon were coaxial with the collaboration gradients (‘do‐it‐yourself’–‘outsourcing’) and inversely related to fine root diameter. Meanwhile, root REEs content aligned with conservation gradients (‘fast’–‘slow’), indicating a slow strategy. Interspecific variations did not show a distinct strategy preference for pioneer species compared with non‐pioneer plants. However, notable intraspecific variations were observed, particularly in stress‐related traits, such as root N content, C:N ratio and REEs content, which exceeded interspecific variations. All three pioneer species exhibited a shift towards ‘slow’ strategies, while P. massoniana also transitioned towards ‘do‐it‐yourself’ strategies, driven by increased soil bulk density, elevated bioavailable REEs content, and reduced soil carbon and nutrient levels in the tailings. Synthesis and applications . Our findings highlight the pivotal role of root chemical traits and intraspecific plasticity in facilitating the adaptation of pioneer plants to extreme REE tailing environments. The observed shifts towards stress‐tolerant ‘slow’ strategies and ‘do‐it‐yourself’ nutrient acquisition provide a trait‐based framework for advancing phytoremediation in the ecological restoration of degraded mine tailings, such as informing plant species selection.

ABSTRACT The deployment of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) has become a key approach to mitigating the overwhelming greenhouse effects. Porous carbon materials (PCMs) are a range of promising carbon capture candidates due to their affordability, environmental friendliness, and resistance to moisture. Numerical studies on the effect of porous structures on CO 2 uptake exist; however, these results still need to be systematically analyzed to better understand how their pore structures affect the adsorption properties. This work comprehensively summarizes pore structure construction strategies and elucidates the ideal pore structure features conducive to CO 2 adsorption, focusing on the synergistic effects of porous structures on the CO 2 adsorption capacity and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity. A specific surface area exceeding 1000 m 2 /g and a total pore volume higher than 0.5 cm 3 /g are sufficient for achieving high CO 2 adsorption capacity without necessitating excessively high values. A high proportion of narrow‐micropores (<0.7 nm) volume and a low proportion of mesopores (2–10 nm) volume are crucial for their high capacity, high selectivity, and fast diffusion. Furthermore, adsorption conditions significantly influence the adsorption capacity of narrow micropores. Precision pore engineering, condition‐responsive functional pore structure, and AI‐driven material design are recommended as research frontiers for advancing PCMs for carbon capture.