司法鉴定科学研究院

This paper undertakes a systematic retrospective review of China's forensic appraisal accreditation system,assessing its current practical status and delineating prospective avenues for reform.Since the implementation of the Decision on the Administration of Judicial Authentication adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 2005,China has made remarkable progress in the standardization and legalization of forensic appraisal,providing strong support for safeguarding judicial impartiality and social fairness and justice.This paper meticulously delineates the three principal phases of the development of the forensic appraisal accreditation system:the foundational establishment phase(2005-2008),the phase of detailed refinement(2009-2015),and the phase of enhanced regulatory oversight(from 2016 to the present).It offers a profound dissection of the defining traits and the efficacy of execution in each phase.In addition,this paper addresses the challenges confronting the extant system in terms of legislative evolution,technological integration,resource alignment,and sector self-regulation,and posits tailored reformative measures:legislative foresight and innovation,the implementation of technological standardization and practical deployment,the strategic optimization of resource distribution to satisfy judicial demands,and the reinforcement of sector self-governance alongside the accreditation and recognition framework.

Biological matrix reference material is a reference material that combines the target material with the biological matrix. The biological matrix reference material has higher consistency with the authentic specimens in forensic toxicology, and its application has a positive effect on improving the accuracy of test results. This paper reviews the research on the matrix reference materials corresponding to three common biological test materials (blood, urine and hair). In order to provide reference for the development and application of biological matrix reference materials in forensic toxicology, this paper mainly introduces the research progress of preparation technology of biological matrix reference materials and some existing products and their parameters evaluation.

With the improvement of DNA methylation detection techniques, studies on age-related methylation sites have found more age-specific ones across tissues, which improves the sensitivity and accuracy of age estimation. In addition, the establishment of various statistical models also provides a new direction for the age estimation of tissues from different sources. This review summarizes the related studies of age estimation based on DNA methylation from the aspects of detection technology, age-related cytosine phosphate guanine site and model selection in recent years.

OBJECTIVES:To establish an LC-MS/MS method based on single hair micro-segmental technique, and verify the detection of 42 psychoactive substances in 0.4 mm hair segments.METHODS:Each piece of single hair was cut into 0.4 mm segments and extracted by sonication and the segments were immersed in dithiothreitol-containing extraction medium. Mobile phase A was the aqueous solution containing 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid, and 5% acetonitrile. Mobile phase B was acetonitrile. An electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode was used for data acquisition in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.RESULTS:The 42 psychoactive substances in hair had a good linear relationship within their respective linear ranges (r>0.99), the limits of detection were 0.2-10 pg/mm, the limits of quantification were 0.5-20 pg/mm, the intra-day and inter-day precisions were 1.5%-12.7%, the intra-day and inter-day accuracies were 86.5%-109.2%, the recovery rates were 68.1%-98.2%, and the matrix effects were 71.3%-111.7%. The method was applied to hair samples collected from one volunteer at 28 d after a single dose of zolpidem, with zolpidem detected in 5 hairs was 1.08-1.60 cm near the root tip, and the concentration range was 0.62-20.5 pg/mm.CONCLUSIONS:The micro-segmental technique of single hair analysis can be applied to the investigation of drug-facilitated sexual assault cases.