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The dynamics of river water chemistry in the northern coastal region exhibit complex variations driven by natural processes,human activities,and Earth's critical zone processes,posing a challenge to the scientific assessment of the water environmental change pattern.This study chose the Jiyun River on the west coast of the Bohai Bay as the research object,and analyzed the hydrochemical ion composition and hydrogen-oxygen isotopes of the river water through high-frequency sampling before and after rainfall to explore the impacts of land-sea critical zone interactions and human regulatory on the river's hydrochemistry.Results showed that light isotopes were significantly enriched in the river water after rainfall,indicating the direct contribution of rainwater to the river,and the hydrochemical composition of the river water after multiple rainfall events was of the Na-HCO3-SO4 type,and the solute concentration of the river water increased due to the transport of salts from the critical zone to the river,revealing the role of ion elution and groundwater recharge in the silty coastal critical zone.Sluice regulation limited seawater intrusion,but higher TDS values and Cl-concentrations in the estuarine area demonstrated the persistent influence of residual salts in the marine critical zone on estuarine water chemistry.This study links rainfall and critical zone interactions with coastal river water chemistry,advancing the understanding of water cycling at the land-sea interface.
