安徽中医药大学

Objective Childhood Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are potentially curable, but outcomes differ across development levels. The authors assessed global burden and inequalities among children aged 0–14 years from 1990 to 2021 and projected burden to 2035. Methods GBD 2021 estimates for 204 locations provided age-standardized incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates by sex and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) summarized trends; the slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index (CII) measured absolute and relative inequalities. An exploratory Country Priority Index (CPI) combined mortality and DALY rates, absolute DALYs, and adverse trajectories. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models generated forecasts. Results From 1990 to 2021, incidence declined modestly. Mortality declined from 0.152 to 0.095 per 100,000 for HL and from 0.75 to 0.45 for NHL; corresponding DALY rates fell from 12.50 to 7.78 and from 63.38 to 37.83. Boys and low-SDI settings had higher burdens, and SDI was strongly inversely associated with mortality and DALYs. For NHL mortality, the SII improved from -0.91 to -0.61, whereas the CII worsened from -0.38 to -0.49. The CPI ranked Pakistan, Uganda, South Sudan, Zimbabwe, and Nigeria highest. By 2035, projected HL and NHL incidence rates were 0.20 and 0.98, mortality rates 0.08 and 0.35, and DALY rates 6.22 and 27.25 per 100,000, respectively. Conclusion Childhood lymphoma outcomes improved globally, but relative inequalities remained concentrated in lower-SDI settings. CPI-based prioritization supports investment in diagnosis, treatment, essential medicines, supportive care, and surveillance. Forecasts represent conditional baseline trajectories.

Antibiotic contamination seriously endangers ecological balance and human health. Developing robust visible-light responsive photocatalysts is crucial for eliminating tetracycline (TC) pollutants in wastewater. In this study, dumbbell-shaped CdS@MoS2 S-scheme heterojunctions were successfully synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal route. MoS2 was selectively anchored at both ends of CdS nanorods, creating spatially separated heterointerfaces with tight contact. Band structure analysis together with in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ISI-XPS) characterizations confirmed the S-scheme charge transfer pathway. This charge separation effectively inhibited the recombination of photogenerated carriers without weakening redox capacity. Owing to the synergistic effect of unique spatial structure and electronic regulation, CdS@MoS2 displayed 90.6% TC degradation under visible light. Its kinetic constant was 1.8 and 11.8 times higher than pure CdS and MoS2, and the material possessed excellent anti-photocorrosion ability. Radical trapping tests identified superoxide radicals (·O2−), holes (h+), and singlet oxygen (1O2) as main active species. This study provides a feasible approach to construct high-performance sulfide-based photocatalysts by combining morphology regulation and S-scheme heterojunction construction.

Syneilesis aconitifolia (Bunge) Maxim. is a medicinal food homologous plant with multiple pharmacological properties. Flavonoids are the primary active constituents of S. aconitifolia. Despite the extensive number of chemical and pharmacological studies conducted on the flavonoids of S. aconitifolia, transcriptomic and genomic information for this species is extremely limited. To address this knowledge gap, we sequenced the transcriptomes of the leaves, stems, roots, and rhizomes of S. aconitifolia using the DNBSEQ platform. A total of 191,541 unigenes were obtained, 160,534 of which were annotated in at least one of the seven public databases investigated. High-performance liquid chromatography was employed to detect the contents of daidzin, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin in the different tissues of S. aconitifolia, with the highest concentrations of these substances being found in the leaves. Correlation analysis between gene expression levels and the contents of the three flavonoids indicated that six unigenes were strongly and positively correlated with isoquercitrin and quercitrin contents. The functional characteristics of flavonoid 3’-hydroxylases were investigated using bioinformatics and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 23 transcription factors were found to participate in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis, 18 of which were identified as members of the MYB family. In this work, we identified the genes encoding enzymes that regulate the biosynthesis of flavonoids in S. aconitifolia. This study represents the first report on the transcriptome of S. aconitifolia and lays a foundation for subsequent research on flavonoid biosynthesis in this and related species.

An individual’s chronotype reflects their intrinsic circadian rhythm preference and is closely associated with cognitive function and mental health. However, the relationship between chronotype and whole-brain morphological structural network organization remains unclear. This study aims to explore differences in the topological organization characteristics of morphometric similarity networks (MSNs) among healthy young adults of different chronotypes from a graph theory perspective. We employed a novel Morphometric INverse Divergence (MIND) method, which is more sensitive to subtle morphological differences, to construct individual-level brain MSNs. This method aggregates morphological metrics (cortical thickness, mean curvature, sulcal depth, surface area, gray matter volume) from all vertices within each cortical region to form a regional multivariate distribution. Subsequently, a k-nearest neighbor density algorithm constructs a pairwise distance matrix, and symmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence between regional multivariate distributions quantifies similarity among cortical regions. Using high-resolution Glasser atlas, medium-resolution Destrieux atlas, and low-resolution Desikan-Killiany atlas, MIND networks were constructed for 68 healthy young individuals with early chronotype (EC) and 68 with late chronotype (LC) patterns. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) for multiple graph-theoretic metrics, including small-world properties, across varying sparsity levels in weighted networks, followed by intergroup comparisons and correlation analyses. Analysis based on the Destrieux atlas revealed that EC participants exhibited significantly higher AUC of Small-World Properties (AUC-SWP) compared to LC participants (P = 0.0045), and this metric showed a significant negative correlation with ChQ-ME scores (rs = -0.2114, P = 0.0135). When using the Desikan-Killiany atlas and the Glasser atlas, the aforementioned intergroup differences and correlations were not detected (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that an individual’s chronotype correlates with the topological organization of brain MSNs. This association was detected specifically when using the medium-resolution Destrieux atlas, while was not found with either the lower-resolution Desikan-Killiany atlas or the higher-resolution Glasser atlas under the conditions of this study. This pattern indicates that chronotype-related brain differences may operate at an optimal spatial scale, where brain parcellation strikes a balance between signal integration and anatomical specificity. The results support a model of distributed, subtle morphological alterations that together form a detectable “weak signal” network. This study presented a novel spatial-scale perspective on the relationship between brain structure and circadian rhythms.

Functional recovery after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) depends on synaptic plasticity, which is profoundly modulated by astrocyte phenotypes—the neurotoxic A1 phenotype exacerbates damage, while the A2 phenotype supports repair. Electroacupuncture (EA) is neuroprotective, yet whether it promotes synaptic repair by orchestrating this phenotypic switch remains elusive. We hypothesized that EA drives this switch via the SIRT1–NF-κB axis to enhance synaptic recovery. Mice that underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) were randomly assigned to the following experimental groups: MCAO/R, EA, EA + SIRT1 inhibitor (Selisistat), or MCAO/R + NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC). Sham-operated mice served as Sham group. EA at GV20 and GV16 was applied daily for 7 days. Neurological function, cerebral blood flow, SIRT1 activity, NF-κB pathway, astrocyte markers (C3, S100A10), inflammatory cytokines, and synaptic proteins were assessed using behavioral tests, imaging, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and transmission electron microscopy. EA significantly improved neurological function and cerebral blood flow. Notably, EA upregulated both the protein level and deacetylase activity of SIRT1 while concurrently suppressing NF-κB phosphorylation, indicating a shift toward anti-inflammatory signaling. This molecular change was accompanied by a significant reduction in the A1 astrocytic marker C3 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, alongside a pronounced increase in the A2 marker S100A10 and anti-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, EA restored synaptic protein expression and preserved synaptic ultrastructural integrity. The SIRT1 inhibitor Selisistat reversed all these beneficial effects, whereas the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC phenocopied EA‑induced astrocyte phenotype modulation. EA drives astrocyte phenotypic switching from A1 to A2 via the SIRT1–NF-κB axis, reshaping the inflammatory microenvironment to promote synaptic repair and functional recovery after CIRI.