Bangladesh Academy of Sciences is an academic forum for Bangladeshi scientists and technologists. Established in 1973, it aims to fulfill the role of promoting research and development of sciences in Bangladesh.
Soil salinity is a major constraint to rice productivity in coastal regions, while silicon (Si) is recognized as a beneficial element in stress mitigation. However, the mechanisms underlying its interaction with salinity and rice genotypes remain insufficiently understood. A pot experiment was conducted during early-monsoon season, 2023 at Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh, to investigate the role of Si amendment in reducing sodium (Na) uptake, and enhancing biomass production in contrasting rice genotypes. The treatments comprised two salinity levels (0 and 6 dS m− 1), two rice genotypes (BRRI dhan48 and Malachina), and two Si rates (0 and 100 mg Si kg− 1 soil, applied as calcium silicate) arranged in a factorial design. Salinity significantly reduced plant height, tiller number, leaf area, and root and shoot dry weight, whereas Si application improved these parameters by 4.0
This paper presents the comparison of the results achieved by performing calculations using integral computer codes RELAP5/mod3.3 and TRACEv5.05. The scenario selected for this purpose is a multiple failure transient based on a "Small break loss of coolant accident (SB LOCA) combined with a steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) simultaneously with a Station blackout (SBO)". In the investigated scenario is assumed that the break with equivalent diameter of 30 mm is located on the main coolant loop #1 between the main coolant pump and the inlet of the reactor vessel. In addition, a double ended guillotine tube rupture in SG #4 with the equivalent diameter of 13 mm is simulated simultaneously with a SBO. The main objective of this work is focused on evaluation of VVER1000 plant response during multiple failure events and the ability of system thermal hydraulic computer codes to simulate the key phenomena and processes taking place during the evolution of the accidental scenario. The computer codes used to perform the study are based on different approach for the modeling of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and core physics. The RELAP5 code is based on 1D thermal hydraulics modelling of RPV and point kinetics for reactor physics modelling, while in the TRACE code used 3D thermal hydraulics of RPV modelling and 3D neutron kinetics model for reactor physics modelling. The calculation is performed for the end of cycle (EOC) eight, when the reactor is operated at nominal power. The investigations were performed in the frame of the EU H2020 CAMIVVER project. The comparison of the calculated results has shown that the codes predict the VVER1000 plant behavior under SB LOCA with SGTR simultaneously with a SBO in a good manner.
BACKGROUND:The pivotal phase 3 EPITOPE trial, a 12-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of epicutaneous immunotherapy with the VIASKIN patch containing 250 μg of peanut protein (VP250), previously reported significant treatment response versus placebo in peanut-allergic toddlers aged 1 through 3 years. OBJECTIVE:To assess the interim efficacy and safety of VP250 from the first year of the EPITOPE open-label extension (OLE) study. METHODS:Eligible participants enrolled in the OLE study for up to 3 years of total treatment with annual double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs) and safety assessments; here we report the first-year OLE (year 2) results. RESULTS:A total of 266 EPITOPE participants enrolled in the OLE study; 244 underwent month 24 DBPCFC (n = 166 VP250; n = 78 placebo). After 24 months of VP250, 81.3% reached an eliciting dose (ED) ≥1000 mg, 63.8% reached an ED ≥2000 mg, and 55.9% completed the DBPCFC (cumulative dose: 3444 mg) without meeting stopping criteria. No treatment-related anaphylaxis or serious treatment-related adverse events occurred during year 2 in this treatment arm. Local application-site reactions occurred less frequently in year 2 versus year 1. In placebo-treated EPITOPE participants, outcomes after 1 year of open-label VP250 were consistent with EPITOPE treatment results: 62.7% reached an ED ≥1000 mg, 36.5% reached an ED ≥2000 mg, and 28.4% completed the DBPCFC without meeting stopping criteria; and there was 1 treatment-related anaphylaxis event. CONCLUSIONS:Two years of VP250 in young peanut-allergic children demonstrated continued increases in treatment effect without new safety signals. This supports the potential of VP250 as a safe and effective treatment for peanut allergy in young children. CLINICALTRIALS:GOV: NCT03859700.
