The Coachella Valley Water District is an independent special district formed in 1918, specifically to protect and conserve local water sources in the Coachella Valley. Since then, the district has grown into a multi-faceted agency that delivers irrigation and domestic (drinking) water, collects and recycles wastewater, provides regional storm water protection, replenishes the groundwater basin and promotes water conservation.CVWD's service area covers approximately 1,000 square miles in Southern California from the San Gorgonio Pass to the Salton Sea, mostly within the Coachella Valley in Riverside County, California. The boundaries also extend into small portions of Imperial and San Diego counties.The Coachella Valley Water District relies on three sources of water to provide service to its customers: groundwater, recycled water and imported water either through the State Water Project or from the Colorado River via the Coachella Canal, a branch of the All-American Canal.
Key Takeaways Replacing and repairing water infrastructure in the United States is a critical need, but finding a reasonable way to pay for infrastructure projects is a concern for countless utilities. The Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act, a loan program commonly known as WIFIA, was signed into law in 2014 and has become a popular funding solution that continues to evolve and refine its processes. The profiles of four US utilities demonstrate WIFIA's flexibility in addressing different project financing scenarios.
While the use of evapotranspiration-based or ET-based scheduling to improve on the efficient use of water for irrigation has advanced considerably in recent decades, there is still a need to improve the estimation of ET in regions with multiple microclimates and where the vegetation is mixed or fetch is inadequate for measurement of ET using traditional methods. This paper describes the Landscape Irrigation Management Program (LIMP) model, which addresses these problems. More importantly, the paper describes methods to adjust reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for microclimate and to measure ET from small fields to provide "site-specific" coefficients for estimating ET. The LIMP model was developed as a scientific approach to estimating landscape water requirements, and the methodology is also helpful for estimating crop ET in regions with multiple microclimates and where crops differ in morphology, physiology, plant density, sensitivity to water stress, etc. A similar approach to LIMP was described in the Irrigation Association book "Irrigation Sixth Edition". Although the LIMP model is useful, there is a paucity of literature on how to correct ETo for microclimate or how to determine the input coefficients for LIMP to estimate ET. In this paper, we discuss a method to estimate microclimate coefficients to account for spatial ETo variation and we discuss the use of the surface renewal method to measure in-situ ET, which can help to determine "site-specific" coefficients for locations with inadequate fetch to use other ET measurement methods. In addition to using the presented techniques for landscape ET estimation, the procedures are equally useful for estimation of ET in small cropped fields of uniform or mixed vegetation, riparian vegetation, climate controlled greenhouses, in undulating terrain, and regions with multiple microclimates. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Modern portfolio theory developed for financial markets has application to water resource portfolios. It can help make decisions on how to optimally meet future water needs. By explicitly considering volatility and correlations among water resource alternatives, rational resource combinations can be selected. It enables water planners to decide how much to invest in traditional ways to meet water needs such as surface and groundwater supplies and to decide how much to invest in non-traditional, more expensive supplies such as recycling, conservation, and desalination. It enables explicit risk reduction of systematic risks due to the hydrologic cycle such as drought, and non-systematic risks such as water quality, climate, and energy. This paper describes a qualitative application of modern portfolio theory to water resources. Quantitative application will require the development of additional data.
Ova obtained from diploid grass carp females were inseminated with sperm from diploid and triploid males, during three consecutive spawning seasons (1986, 1987, 1988), with reproducible results. Fertilization success was significantly lower in diploid × triploid crosses (27, 38 and 25%) compared with diploid × diploid crosses (49, 84 and 82%). Hatching embryos from diploid × triploid crosses had significantly (P < 0.05) smaller body and yolk sac areas, and utilized their yolk more slowly than embryos from diploid × diploid crosses. Most diploid × triploid embryos surviving to hatch, suffered from notochord deformities and died before exogenous feeding began. Survival of juveniles from diploid × triploid crosses from hatching to 5 months was 0.21% and 0.125% for 1987 and 1988, compared with 95% and 84%, for diploid × diploid crosses. Coulter Counter ploidy determination for nine (five in 1987, four in 1988) diploid × triploid juvenile survivors revealed a diploid genome.
Journal AWWAVolume 78, Issue 8 p. 4-4 Department Reader Protests Biodatos William H. Longenecker Jr., William H. Longenecker Jr. Coachella Valley Water District, Coachella, Calif.Search for more papers by this author William H. Longenecker Jr., William H. Longenecker Jr. Coachella Valley Water District, Coachella, Calif.Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 August 1986 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1986.tb05787.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume78, Issue8August 1986Pages 4-4 RelatedInformation
