This paper establishes exact expressions for the Drazin inverse of the modified tensor A−C*NDD*NB via the Einstein product, formulated using the Drazin inverse of A and the generalized Schur complement D−B*NAD*NC, providing a comprehensive generalization and unification of existing results in the literature for the case when the tensors are of order two. Furthermore, the findings reduce to the classical Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury formula in the special case of second-order tensors. Finally, we provide two examples to illustrate our new explicit expressions.
This study examines the mechanisms underlying long-run reductions in energy consumption caused by a widely studied social nudge. Our investigation considers two channels: physical capital in the home and habit formation in the household. Using data from 38 natural field experiments, we isolate the role of physical capital by comparing treatment and control homes after the original household moves, which ends treatment. We find 35 to 55 percent of the reductions persist once treatment ends and show this is consonant with the physical capital channel. Methodologically, our findings have important implications for the design and assessment of behavioral interventions.
Paradox is a powerful lens for theorising information systems (IS) phenomena. However, as scholars apply the term to fundamentally different phenomena, 'paradox' risks dilution. Much confusion stems from conflating two concepts under the same English label 'paradox': chaos-puzzles (seemingly impossible ideas, aligned with the Chinese term 'bei lun'); and spear-shields (contradictory pathways of action, aligned with the Chinese 'mao dun'). Through a hermeneutic analysis of 142 IS papers, we advance a framework of eight genres defined by variations in paradox grounding (chaos-puzzle vs. spear-shield) and paradox articulation (sociocentric vs. technocentric; sensing vs. responding). The framework offers an account of paradoxical IS theorising that is pluralistic by clarifying multiple meanings of paradox; directive by guiding authors, editors, reviewers and readers in articulating and evaluating genre-sensitive contributions; and generative in identifying new avenues for paradoxical IS theorising. By mapping out different ways in which IS scholars can engage with chaos-puzzles and spear-shields, we bring analytical clarity to paradoxical IS theorising and offer a foundation for its further development.
In view of the tremendous progress in atomically precise metal nanoclusters where electrochemical and optical energetics are routinely supported by computations to establish structure-function correlations, we explore the relationship between different protocols for measuring and computing band gaps of two distinct organic ligand-protected nanoclusters: [Cu14H10(MBN)3(PPh3)8]+ and Au20(TBBT)16. Through UV/visible spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry, we measure optical and electrochemical band gaps in those systems. We then compare these experimentally determined gaps to HOMO-LUMO gaps, fundamental gaps, vertical excitation energies, and E o ox - E o red potentials computed using different density functional theory (DFT) or time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods. Specifically, in both copper and gold nanoclusters, we test the effect of truncating inert ligands from the model and compare density functionals with varying degrees of Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange from 0 to 50%, range-separated hybrids with a varying long-range tuning parameter, different correlation functionals, basis sets, and (equilibrium and nonequilibrium) continuum solvation models. Despite having different frontier orbital characters (the copper nanocluster has a metal-to-ligand charge transfer character while the gold nanocluster has metal-centered frontier orbitals), both nanoclusters display a similar sensitivity of the HOMO-LUMO gap to the HF exchange that is partially mitigated when computing the fundamental, optical, and electrochemical gaps. Other factors, such as the nature of the correlation functional, basis set, and geometry relaxation, have a considerably smaller effect on computed band gaps in these systems. Overall, this work provides guidelines for factors of varied importance for correlating computed and experimental band gap values.
Claims regarding the implications of employee cannabis use vary considerably even though little research explores cannabis as it relates to the modern workplace. Drawing from substance use theories and the epidemiology literature, we develop a conceptual model that suggests after-work cannabis use is a mechanism to help employees protect cognitive resources in the evening, allowing them to stay engaged at work the next day. In a daily diary study of cannabis users and non-users, we find no link between after-work cannabis use and next-day executive functioning, cognitive engagement or daily task performance. A deeper dive into the literature led to a contextualized model including both within- and between-person moderators that we tested in a second daily diary study of cannabis users. We specifically predict moderated indirect effects from after-work cannabis use to cognitive engagement at work the following day. Results from this second study indicate after-work cannabis use interacts with daily workload and a between-person performance-related cannabis use motive to predict next-day cognitive engagement. Daily cognitive engagement is subsequently related to changes in daily task performance. Collectively, results suggest that theories on employee substance use should be updated to better account for the daily effects (or non-effects) of after-work cannabis use on important workplace outcomes.
