Coordinates: 30°16′12″N 78°04′48″E / 30.2699707°N 78.0800053°E / 30.2699707; 78.0800053The Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), established in 1960, is one of the constituent laboratories of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), dedicated to R&D in the hydrocarbon sector.The Director General of CSIR based in Delhi, Shekhar Mande, is the head of institute followed by Dr. Anjan Ray, who has been the Director of the institute since November 2016.Spread over a campus of 257-acre (1.04 km2), it is situated in Dehradun, the capital of Uttarakhand state, on National Highway 72 (NH 72). Established through an act of parliament in the year 1959, it started in New Delhi in 1960 and finally in Dehradun since 1963. It sought organisational help from Institut français du pétrole (IFP), France, a petroleum research organisation, under UNESCO programme during 1960 to 1964.An ISO 9001 certified institute, IIP develops processes and products for petroleum refining and petrochemical industries, training of personnel in oil and petrochemical industries, and assisting in formulation of standards for petroleum products. The institute acquired the ISO 9001 certification in 1998.About 132 of its research staff are R&D scientists supported by 208 technical personnel. It is equipped with R&D facilities including pilot plants. The annual budget of the institute is around 25 crores. The institute is recognized by over 14 universities to conduct research leading to Doctorate degree.
Surfactants are chemical species that act as wetting agents to lower the surface tension of liquids or the interfacial tension of two-phase systems due to adsorption at the surface or interface, respectively. Surfactants have been used in every industrial area ranging from household detergents to drilling muds and food items to pharmaceuticals. Therefore, production, optimizations, and utilizations of the surfactants for various applications have been the research interest among researchers. Surfactants have been used in the literature but restricted due to non-degradability issues and hazardous effects. For combating the problems mentioned above, bio-based surfactants could be potential alternatives. This review discusses the types, production methods, and applications explored in the last decade. Further, it also explained the recent advances in surfactants and a future perspective to pursue global environmental sustainability.
The reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS) is a favorable process for CO2 mitigation, which generates CO and H2O by hydrogenation of CO2. In this study, we have synthesized silica nanomaterials derived from sugar cane bagasse (SCBS) loaded with alpha-Fe2O3 to achieve effective performance in the RWGS reaction. Here, we utilize the precipitation and wet impregnation methods to produce an alpha-Fe2O3/SCBS catalyst for the low-temperature RWGS reaction with a 5-15 wt % alpha-Fe2O3 weight loading. At lower temperatures, this catalyst demonstrated significant CO2 conversions, along with excellent CO selectivity. The catalytic activity was found to be promising, with CO2 conversion ranging from around 26% to 43% and CO selectivity from 94% to 99% under 0.1 MPa pressure and at temperatures between 300 and 650 degrees C, using a reactant mixture of CO2:H-2:N-2 = 1:3:3 gas flow volume ratio over the 10% alpha-Fe2O3/SCBS catalyst. The synthesized catalysts were tested using various methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle XRD, N-2 physisorption isotherms, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, micro-Raman spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H-2 temperature-programmed reduction, and thermogravimetric analysis. This work provides valuable insights into the development of silica catalysts derived from sugar cane bagasse waste, which can be applied in various catalytic reactions beyond the RWGS process.
L’agroforesterie, souvent présentée comme solution à l’érosion de la biodiversité et aux chocs climatiques, échoue fréquemment lorsqu’elle repose sur des programmes massifs de plantation. Une autre approche, centrée sur la parcelle, valorise la complémentarité entre arbres rémanents, spontanés et plantés. Cette complémentarité renforce biodiversité, carbone, productivité et durabilité des cacaoyères.
The eco-friendly synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) has gained immense attention due to its sustainable, cost-effective, and non-toxic nature. Among various biological methods, plant-mediated synthesis is considered the most efficient, with Murraya koenigii (curry leaf) emerging as a potent bio-reductant and stabilizing agent. This review highlights the phytochemical-rich M. koenigii leaf extract, which contains alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, and carbazole alkaloids that actively participate in the bioreduction of metal ions into stable nanoparticles. The synthesis process is discussed with emphasis on the role of phytoconstituents, extraction procedures, and green reaction mechanisms. Characterization techniques such as UV–Vis, XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, TGA, and zeta potential analysis validate the morphology, crystallinity, elemental composition, and surface properties of the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized NPs exhibit promising multifunctional properties, particularly in biomedical and environmental domains. Antimicrobial studies demonstrate effective inhibition of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while anticancer evaluations show apoptosis induction in cancer cells through ROS generation and mitochondrial disruption. Additionally, antioxidant activity highlights the potential for oxidative stress modulation. In environmental remediation, these NPs act as efficient catalysts in the degradation of toxic dyes from wastewater, offering a green solution to pollution control. This comprehensive review not only summarizes the mechanistic insights, synthesis protocols, and applications of M. koenigii-mediated metal nanoparticles but also underscores their significance in advancing green nanotechnology. The findings establish M. koenigii as a valuable resource for sustainable nanoparticle synthesis and multifunctional nanomaterial development. Beyond consolidating existing knowledge, this review critically establishes that the superior performance of Murraya koenigii-derived nanoparticles is driven by the synergistic action of its phytochemicals. It further identifies standardized phytochemical profiling as a critical step to overcome reproducibility challenges and proposes a focused research framework to accelerate scalable and translational applications in green nanotechnology.
