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This study demonstrated the development of bhimkol peel-based modified dietary fiber (MDF) and red cabbage anthocyanin (ADF) complex for food application. A face-centered central composite design (FCCD) was used to optimize the ultrasonic extraction of anthocyanin from red cabbage, yielding the highest content (1480.04 +/- 0.58 mg/100g) at 40 min, 30 degrees C, and 95% ethanol. The complex was evaluated for their antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), color properties, structural property, thermal and functional properties. Among the samples, MDF-A3 (MDF and anthocyanin complex 1:4.5) showed the highest anthocyanin content, TFC and TPC, along with enhanced antioxidant activity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a coarser, spherical morphology compared to PEC-A (pectin and anthocyanin complex 1:3.5). MDF-A2 (1:3.5) exhibited the highest thermal stability. The FTIR results indicated the available functional groups of MDF and anthocyanin, suggesting molecular interactions in the ADF complex. These complexes have potential applications in food products, edible packaging, and pharmaceutical industry.
Aerosol droplets significantly influence aroma release and retro-nasal perception during beverage consumption. This study explored how aerosols contribute to aroma transfer using in vitro and in vivo methods. Three aroma compounds-ethyl butyrate, alpha-terpineol, and cinnamic aldehyde-were tested in carbonated and noncarbonated sweetener solutions. Splashing (high aerosol) and gentle pouring (low aerosol) were used to vary aerosol levels. GC-MS/MS, GC-MS, and odor sensors quantified aroma release. Splashing increased aroma concentrations by 1.6-58.1 times, especially for volatile compounds like ethyl butyrate. Less volatile compounds remained within the droplets. Aroma release correlated strongly with the aerosol mass and surface area (r > 0.6; p < 0.01). In vivo results confirmed aerosol-driven aroma transfer during swallowing, although correlations were less consistent due to physiological variability. Overall, aerosols act as carriers for low-volatility compounds and enhance the release of volatile ones, offering new strategies for optimizing sensory qualities in beverage formulation.
The effect of foliar application of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) on the proximate composition and amino acid profile of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was investigated in a field experiment comprising an untreated control and four TIBA concentrations (10, 20, 50, and 100 ppm). TIBA significantly affected all proximate parameters (p <0.05) except fat. Seed protein increased significantly from 22.75% in the control to a maximum of 26.20% at 50 ppm, while carbohydrate and moisture declined correspondingly (p <0.001), reflecting an inverse protein-carbohydrate relationship. Total amino acids (sum of 14 quantified amino acids) rose in parallel with protein (r = 0.9998), from 15.60 to 17.99% of DM, without altering the essential-to-non-essential balance (43.7-43.8% EAA). Yield per plant and seed protein were optimized at different TIBA concentrations and were essentially uncorrelated (r = −0.02). 50 ppm TIBA maximized seed protein and amino acid content. Bangladesh J. Bot. 55(3): 563-569, 2026 (September)
This review addresses the importance and challenges of mechanical recycling of polyamides, highlighting its relevance within the global context of the circular economy. It begins by outlining the general characteristics, history, classification, molecular structure, and economic aspects of commercial polyamides. The focus then shifts to the polyamide recycling methods, including chemical and energy recovery, with a focus on mechanical processes, essential for effectively implementing the circular economy by reducing dependence on virgin resources and minimizing environmental impact. The final section summarizes relevant research on the mechanical recycling of polyamides across various industrial sectors. The examples mentioned in the studies here presented demonstrate that polyamides can be successfully recycled from reinforced composites, food packaging, and textiles, underscoring their potential to enhance sustainability while maintaining polymer quality through careful management of moisture content, extrusion cycles, and other parameters. Further research should concentrate on optimizing the separation of polyamides from other materials, minimizing degradation through controlled moisture levels and extrusion cycles, and exploring innovative recycling approaches across diverse applications. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive examination of mechanical recycling for polyamides, bringing studies with new and applicable technologies in this field to promote sustainability and address challenges associated with plastic waste.
In recent years, diabetes has become a widespread epidemic, highlighting the critical need for monitoring glucose levels in clinical settings. This study proposes an ecofriendly and cost-effective approach for synthesizing copper oxide nanocubes (CuO NCs) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO/CuO) using waste Li-ion batteries (LIB) for nonenzymatic glucose sensing applications. The graphite and metallic Cu precursors obtained from discarded LIB were utilized to synthesize rGO/CuO. Morphological analysis was conducted using FESEM, FTIR, XPS, and XRD techniques and revealed that nanocube-shaped CuO was successfully dispersed on rGO surfaces. The electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized composite materials was evaluated by CV, DPV, and Amperometry techniques. Unlike the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with either rGO and/or CuO NCs, the electrode coated with rGO/CuO demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation. The sensor exhibited a wide linear concentration range of 0.00877-6.04 mM, a high sensitivity of 957.1 mu A & sdot;mM-1 & sdot;cm-2, and a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.08 mu M in amperometric technique. Additionally, the sensor showed remarkable selectivity against common interfering species. The rGO/CuO/GCE also showed remarkable stability and selectivity for glucose sensing. Furthermore, kinetic studies were conducted to determine key parameters, including heterogeneous rate constant (k), charge transfer coefficient (alpha), and diffusion coefficient (D). The practical utility of the glucose sensor was successfully demonstrated through real-sample analysis using human saliva, achieving high recoveries with a relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) of less than 3 % and exhibiting excellent selectivity in the presence of interfering agents. These findings imply that the waste LIB-derived rGO/ CuO might be a promising material for developing a non-enzymatic glucose biosensor.
