临沂大学

A novel mixed spectral-Galerkin method based on generalized ball polynomials is proposed for solving the biharmonic equation on the unit ball, with the fourth-order problem decoupled into a system of second-order equations. The corresponding discrete scheme yields a strictly diagonal stiffness matrix, which significantly enhances the computational efficiency. Rigorous a priori error estimates are established in both the L2- and H1-norms. A numerical experiment confirms the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed scheme.

The aviation sector is essential for global connectivity and economic growth but remains one of the most difficult industries to decarbonize due to its reliance on energy-dense liquid fuels and the anticipated increase in both carbon dioxide (CO2) and non-CO2 climate impacts. As the industry pursues net-zero emissions by 2050, Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) have emerged as the most practical near- and medium-term decarbonization pathway because they are compatible with existing aircraft and fuel infrastructure. However, uncertainties persist regarding the sustainability, scalability, economic viability, and long-term climate benefits of different SAF production routes. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of SAFs by integrating feedstock availability, conversion technologies, fuel properties, life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, techno-economic performance, and future deployment prospects within a unified sustainability framework. Major SAF pathways, including Oil-to-Jet (OTJ), Gas-to-Jet (GTJ), Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ), and Sugar-to-Jet (STJ), are critically evaluated, with particular focus on ASTM D7566-certified fuels such as Fischer–Tropsch Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (FT-SPK), Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA-SPK), and Hydroprocessed Algae-Based Fuels (HC-HEFA). Comparative analysis reveals significant differences in feedstock requirements, process efficiencies, production costs, fuel composition, and scalability. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies indicate GHG emission reductions ranging from 60% to over 100% relative to conventional jet fuel, with FT-SPK and FT-SPK/A offering the highest mitigation potential. Feedstock cultivation, resource extraction, and fuel conversion are identified as the most emission-intensive stages, underscoring the need for upstream process optimization. The review further examines critical barriers to large-scale SAF deployment, including feedstock scarcity, supply variability, high energy and hydrogen requirements, infrastructure constraints, and high production costs. While HEFA dominates current commercialization, scalable aviation decarbonization will require accelerated deployment of FT, ATJ, and Power-to-Liquid (PtL) pathways, supported by technological innovation, sustainable feedstock expansion, and enabling policies.

Glycosylation plays a crucial role in modulating auxin homeostasis through the formation of auxin glycoside conjugates. However, the involved mechanisms and relevant physiological significances are largely unknown or poorly understood. PgUGT84K2 enzyme was purified and the enzyme activity was identified by HPLC and LC/MS analyses. We heterologously overexpressed PgUGT84K2 in Arabidopsis thaliana and analysed glycosyltransferase activity and glycosylated metabolites IBA-Glc in transgenic plants. Drought and salt stress assays of the transgenic plants were conducted and the expression of related genes was analysed by quantitative RT-PCR. Panax ginseng glycosyltransferase PgUGT84K2 was at the first time identified to be an IBA glycosyltransferase. Assessment of enzyme activity and IBA conjugates in transgenic plants ectopically expressing PgUGT84K2 indicated that the PgUGT84K2 catalytic specificity was maintained in planta. Heterologous overexpression of PgUGT84K2 in Arabidopsis thaliana led to significantly enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stresses, with improved germination rates, seedling greening rates and seedling survival rates than the wild type. Overexpression of PgUGT84K2 enhanced ROS scavenging in transgenic plants and quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed the up-regulation of key antioxidant enzyme genes SOD1, SOD3, CAT2, CAT3 and ABA biosynthesis genes AAO1, AAO3, along with down-regulation of ABA signalling repressors EM1 and EM6. Our results suggest that PgUGT84K2, an IBA glycosyltransferase, might enhance stress tolerance through modulating ABA signalling and enhancing ROS scavenging via the enzymatic antioxidant system, and provide a potential strategy to breed drought and salt resistant P. ginseng.

This paper proposes an arbitrary preassigned-time sliding mode control (SMC) scheme to achieve synchronization in six-dimensional memristive cellular neural networks (6D-MCNNs). First, a novel 6D-MCNNs model is established by incorporating three flux-controlled memristors. The chaotic characteristics of the system are confirmed through Lyapunov exponent spectra and bifurcation analysis. Then, a new SMC strategy integrated with a disturbance observer is developed by introducing an effective time-varying function. A new lemma is also presented to derive the conditions for arbitrary preassigned-time synchronization (PTS), which guarantees that the error system reaches the sliding surface and maintains sliding motion within a preset time. Notably, the settling times for both phases are independent of initial conditions and other design parameters. Finally, an image encryption algorithm is designed to demonstrate the application of PTS in 6D-MCNNs. Numerical simulations and statistical evaluations are provided to validate the theoretical findings and illustrate the potential of the proposed method in enhancing communication security.

Fullerenols (PHFs) are emerging pollutants with health risks, yet conventional adsorbents suffer from small pore sizes, limited effective pore quantities, and low unit area adsorption capacities. This study used cuttlebone (CB), a fishery waste, to prepare carbonized CB (CCB), acid-modified CB (HCB), and a combined carbonized and acidified CB (HCCB) as adsorbents for PHF. These modified adsorbent materials showed increases in effective pores (50-200 nm) for PHF adsorption: 33% (CCB), 23% (HCB), and 41% (HCCB). The initial adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of CCB for PHF increased with higher pyrolysis temperatures due to reduced electrostatic repulsion, increased pi-pi interactions, and the transformation of aragonite into calcite of CB calcium carbonate skeleton. Acid modification enhances pore filling and thus capacity but slows kinetics via longer intraparticle diffusion; both effects intensify with higher acid concentration and longer treatment. The unit area adsorption capacities of CCB, HCB, and HCCB for PHF were 3.11, 1.18, and 2.11 mg/m(2), much higher than traditional materials. This research effectively removes PHF and upgrades marine waste into a high-value adsorbent, practicing "pollution control through waste utilization." The results have both pollution control and circular economy value, expanding sustainable and low-cost material paths, promoting the integration of multiple disciplines such as environmental engineering, materials science, and marine science, and providing new ideas for the treatment of nanomaterial pollutants.