Addressing the challenges of wide measurement range and high sensitivity in pressure testing for high-pressure pipelines, this paper proposes and develops a novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) high-pressure sensor based on a composite sensitizing structure of a pressure-sensing metallic diaphragm and flexure-hinge levers. First, by establishing a complete and rigorous mechanical transmission analytical model, the quantitative relationship between fluid pressure and optical fiber strain was elucidated. Subsequently, by combining finite element analysis with a global optimization algorithm, a multi-dimensional parametric design was conducted, successfully establishing the optimal geometric configuration that maximizes the axial displacement output while satisfying the material’s safety strength premise. Compared with the initial empirical design, the terminal displacement output of the optimized structure is substantially enhanced by approximately 30.5%. Experimental results demonstrate that the sensor exhibits excellent comprehensive sensing characteristics under the large-range working condition of 0–40 MPa: its actual average pressure sensitivity reaches 39.41 pm/MPa. Furthermore, to address the unavoidable temperature cross-interference in practical applications, the sensor adopts a cascaded dual-grating structure to achieve high-precision temperature decoupling and error compensation. This study provides a high-performance and highly reliable measurement method for the safety monitoring of modern compact industrial pipeline networks.
Muscle wasting, prevalent in various pathological conditions including cancer, cardiac dysfunction, and neurodegeneration, is typified by sustained protein depletion in muscle and a compromised ability of the tissue to repair and regenerate effectively. Triggered by disruptions in protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the unfolded protein response (UPR) represents a key regulatory system that sustains intracellular proteostasis under conditions of stress. While the UPR is crucial for cellular survival, prolonged activation or dysfunction of the pathway can contribute to muscle atrophy and the progression of muscle wasting diseases. Recent evidence suggests that exercise, through its impact on cellular stress responses, can modulate the UPR in muscle cells, promoting a protective response that enhances protein folding capacity, reduces ER stress, and stimulates muscle regeneration. This review explores how exercise influences the UPR in muscle cells, focusing on the activation of key UPR sensors, including IRE1, PERK, and ATF6, and their downstream effects on protein quality control, autophagy, and muscle fiber maintenance. We also examine the role of exercise in promoting adaptive responses in muscle cells, including increased mitochondrial function, autophagy, and the activation of stress resistance pathways, all of which can counteract muscle wasting. The review also emphasizes exercise as an effective strategy to influence ER stress pathways and attenuate muscle atrophy associated with pathological conditions, offering critical insights into the molecular benefits of physical activity for muscle preservation.
In this paper, based on the two-dimensional zero-curvature condition, we derived a new (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear integrable system, which was subsequently transformed into a (2 + 1)-dimensional Harry-Dym equation. We then established a connection between the corresponding matrix Lax pair and a like KP equation, and obtained 2-soliton solutions via the Darboux transformation. The soliton profiles exhibit distinct knot-like features that highlight the intricate structure of the solutions. Finally, two conservation laws are presented for new equations.
Public complaints, as an emerging form of informal regulation, have become a critical component of environmental security and sustainable development. However, their effectiveness on sustainable corporate development remains insufficiently understood. This study examines the role of public complaints in promoting sustainable corporate development within China’s industrial sector, with a primary focus on its environmental performance proxied by reductions in air pollutant emissions. Utilizing a unique firm-day panel dataset that integrates real-time monitoring from the Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) with public complaint records, our analysis demonstrates that substantiated public complaints significantly reduce firms’ pollution, with more substantial effects observed in high-innovation firms, confirming the moderating role of technological innovation. Further heterogeneity analysis indicates that the reduction effects of substantiated complaints vary significantly by firm and industry characteristics, with greater efficacy among larger, younger, state-controlled firms and non-emission-intensive industries. These findings provide novel micro-level evidence that integrating informal regulation into environmental governance can optimize policy strategies, strengthen environmental security, and enhance sustainable development.
The ODS GH4169 alloy powder was obtained by incorporating 1 wt.
