奥克拉荷马州立大学

Interpretation of two-dimensional architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) drawings remains labor-intensive, while research is fragmented across methods, datasets, and domains. This paper combines systematic review, bibliometric analysis, and critical synthesis of 105 publications from 2015 to February 5, 2026. Task analysis yielded 162 assignments from 97 studies, with low-level perception accounting for 69.8%, compared with 18.5% for intermediate and 11.7% for high-level tasks. Convolutional neural networks remained dominant, while transformer-based and hybrid methods increased after 2023. Within the literature, building information modeling had the most established evidence base, whereas navigation and accessibility remained emerging. Custom datasets were used in 59 studies, while cross-dataset generalization remained limited. Evaluation was relatively standardized for segmentation and detection but inconsistent for higher-level tasks. A conceptual framework links methods, tasks, outputs, domains, relative readiness, and outcomes. Future research should prioritize shared datasets, AEC-specific evaluation indicators, efficient models, and interoperable workflows validated on real project data.

CO2 hydroxylation is the underlying reaction for a wide range of reactive CO2 capture (RCC) techniques. Despite being thermodynamically favorable, CO2 hydroxylation kinetics are sluggish due to a higher energy barrier associated with bending the linear CO2 molecule before nucleophilic attack by OH-. Here, we report a previously unrecognized catalytic effect in which ionic liquids (ILs) increase the rates of CO2 hydroxylation by pre-activating (or bending) CO2 locally around the IL. ILs are known for their higher CO2 solubilities due to their larger void fractions; however, their role in catalyzing the CO2 hydroxylation reaction, an important step in RCC, has not been reported previously. NMR and FTIR measurements, together with quantum-chemical calculations, are consistent with bicarbonate being the dominant stable species, while carbonate appears to revert to bicarbonate over time under the studied conditions. For instance, the addition of BMIM NTf2 to a KOH-ethylene glycol mixture accelerates CO2 hydroxylation by sixfold by lowering the activation energy (similar to 33%) without chemically binding CO2, highlighting its catalytic role. Isotope-labeled ATR-FTIR experiments confirm enhanced CO2 bending in ionic liquids through the appearance of a hot band, indicative of increased population of thermally accessible bent vibrational states. While low IL loadings enhance kinetics, higher concentrations hinder CO2 mass transfer due to reduced interfacial tension. The nature of IL cation and anion strongly influences rates, with shorter alkyl chains and I-/OTf- anions providing the highest activity. The system demonstrates reversibility and robustness under anhydrous flue gas conditions, offering a tunable pathway for efficient CO2 capture.

Abstract Introduction Brain disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and psychiatric illnesses, continue to pose substantial clinical and societal burdens. Traditional treatment approaches are often limited by poor targeting efficiency and the complexity of neural networks. Neuroengineering combines principles of engineering, materials science, and neuroscience to develop innovative tools capable of monitoring and modulating brain activity. Advances in neural interfaces, neurostimulation technologies, and bioengineered therapeutic systems are enabling more precise and minimally invasive treatment strategies, offering new possibilities for restoring neurological function and improving patient outcomes. Short summary Brain disorders represent one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine, demanding innovative approaches that integrate neuroscience, engineering, and technology. Neuroengineering has emerged as a transformative discipline that bridges these domains, offering new strategies for diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic intervention. This review discusses recent advances in neuroengineering technologies, including neural interfaces, neurostimulation systems, nanotechnology-based therapeutics, and tissue engineering approaches supported by artificial intelligence for precision brain disorder management. Conclusion Neuroengineering represents a rapidly evolving field with the potential to transform brain healthcare through innovative diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. Continued interdisciplinary collaboration and technological refinement are essential to overcome translational challenges and achieve widespread clinical implementation.

Plant productivity is severely constrained by diverse pathogens, among which oomycetes represent some of the most destructive threats to global agriculture. These filamentous microorganisms cause devastating diseases, including potato late blight and downy mildew, leading to significant yield losses in major crops. Successful infection relies on the formation of haustoria through which oomycetes deliver numerous effector proteins that manipulate host cellular processes and suppress both pattern-triggered and effector-triggered immunity. To date, three major classes of oomycete effectors, including RXLR, Crinkler, and CHXC, along with a putative class YxSL [RK], have been identified in oomycetes. These effector molecules, along with the recently identified apoplastic effectors, play key roles in governing compatible and incompatible interactions and establishing disease in the host plant. Plants perceive these effectors by deploying multilayered immune strategies including plasma-membrane localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular NLR receptors that induce redox- and hormone-regulated defense pathways, and dynamic remodeling of transcriptional and metabolic networks. Understanding these effectors and how they manipulate host defense is a prerequisite for the generation of disease-resistant plants. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in the oomycete effectors, their secretion system, and their targets in the plant cells. By integrating pathogen strategies with host immune responses, we highlight how effector-mediated manipulation of plant signaling provides new opportunities for breeding and engineering broad-spectrum and durable resistance against oomycete pathogens.

Corticosteroids are among the most widely prescribed medications in modern medicine, valued for their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Despite their therapeutic benefits, corticosteroids are frequently associated with adverse neuropsychiatric manifestations that range from mild mood disturbances to severe psychosis. These side effects, although often under recognized, can significantly impair quality of life and complicate clinical management. The incidence of steroid-induced psychiatric symptoms varies widely, from 5 to 20