上海科学技术大学筹建于1958年，由中国科学院上海分院负责筹建，1959年正式建校。郭沫若同志为学校题写校名。首任校长是中科院上海分院副院长周仁。上海科技大学主要科系由中科院在沪各研究所帮助创建，部分系主任曾由中科院在沪研究所所长或副所长兼任。至1959年底，设有原子能系、无线电电子学系、技术物理系、力学系、化学冶金及物理冶金系、元素有机化学系、硅酸盐化学及工学系、生物物理化学系（1973年1月并入原华东化工学院）等8个系，11个本科专业。1981年11月成为全国首批博士和硕士学位授予单位。1993年12月，校园面积约328亩，建筑面积17.7万平方米。至1994年，设有数学系、物理系、化学系、材料科学与工程系、无线电电子学系、精密机械工程系、计算机科学系、自动控制系、生物工程系、外语系、新闻与人文科学系、社会科学部等12个系部，23个本科专业，9个专科专业，4个博士点，16个硕士点。末任校长郭本瑜教授。 上海科学技术大学是上海市地方高校，地处嘉定城中路20号，是一所以理工为主的多科性大学。学校原隶属于上海市科学技术委员会，由中国科学院上海分院主办；1968年9月从科技系统（时称上海市革命委员会科学技术组）划出，改为隶属文教系统（时称上海市革命委员会文教组），与中国科学院上海分院脱钩；1978年7月与科技系统恢复联系；1981年划归上海市高等教育局管理，并被确立为上海市属重点大学。1994年5月27日，撤销并入新组建的上海大学，原校址成为上海大学嘉定校区。
Large language models (LLMs) have made significant advances in the field of natural language processing (NLP). However, their centralized training approach faces challenges related to data privacy, communication efficiency, and robustness against adversarial attacks, particularly in wireless environments. With the gradual depletion of high-quality public data, there is an urgent need to leverage private data distributed across various parties. Although federated learning (FL) offers a privacy-preserving collaborative training paradigm, it struggles to meet the high computational demands of edge devices and remains vulnerable to adversarial attacks. This paper introduces RoFed-LLM, a novel framework for robust, privacy-preserving training of LLMs on decentralized private data over wireless networks. By integrating split federated learning, which partitions the model across devices to enhance privacy, with adaptive jamming defense mechanisms, RoFed-LLM enables collaborative LLM training without raw data sharing while ensuring resilience against wireless adversarial attacks. Our multi-modal defense strategy combines model-level protections, such as differential privacy and dynamic pruning, with communication-level safeguards, including adaptive beamforming which optimizes wireless signal transmission to mitigate interference, and resource allocation optimization. Extensive experiments across diverse NLP tasks demonstrate RoFed-LLM's superiority, achieving a 12.87% improvement in privacy preservation and 18.26% enhancement in jamming resilience compared to existing methods such as FedAvg and SCAFFOLD, with only a marginal 3.94% trade-off in model accuracy.
Electron beam (EB) irradiation has emerged as an effective post-synthetic strategy to modify the structural properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), offering enhanced defect engineering and improved active site dispersion. In this study, UiO-66-100, pretreated under the optimal EB irradiation dose of 100 kGy with abundant structural defects, was selected as the support to synthesize supported noble metal catalysts M-UiO-66-100 (M = Pt, Pd, Ru, Ag, Au). The catalytic performance of M-UiO-66-100 was evaluated by toluene and 2-propanol degradation. Among them, Pt-UiO-66-100 exhibited superior performance for toluene oxidation (T90 = 187 degrees C), while Pd-UiO-66-100 showed excellent activity for 2-propanol degradation (T90 = 229 degrees C). Both catalysts exhibited distinct physicochemical properties and adsorption behaviors in single-component Volatile organic compound (VOC) systems. Interestingly, further studies revealed that both Pt- and Pd-based catalysts displayed significantly enhanced catalytic activity for toluene and 2-propanol mixture oxidation, highlighting a mutual promotion effect. VOC- temperature-programmed desorption/oxidation (TPD/TPO) and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) results elucidated the mutual promotion effect that compared with single VOC systems, Pd-UiO-66-100 and Pt-UiO-66-100 produce fewer intermediates during mixed VOC degradation, which reduced the accumulation of intermediates on the catalysts surface, released the surface active sites, and accelerated their mineralization. This work provides a rational design approach for EBmodified MOF-supported catalysts and deepens the insights into the synergistic oxidation mechanism in mixedVOC systems.
Multi-component volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industrial emissions threaten ecosystems, yet their interaction mechanisms during catalytic oxidation remain unclear. This work systematically investigates the oxidation of toluene (Tol), ethyl acetate (EA), and their mixture over MnO2 catalysts with different crystal structures. The catalysts were characterized for crystal structure, redox properties, and surface chemistry. Among the polymorphs, alpha-MnO2 exhibited superior activity (T90 = 170 degrees C for EA, 220 degrees C for Tol), attributed to its large surface area, enhanced low-temperature reducibility, and high average oxidation state. In the mixture, EA oxidation was inhibited (T90 = 194 degrees C) while Tol oxidation was promoted (T90 = 197 degrees C). GC-MS and in situ DRIFTS analyses demonstrated reduced accumulation of Tol derived intermediates and earlier formation of reactive species in the mixture, indicating that EA facilitated Tol oxidation. Conversely, strong competitive adsorption of EA on active sites inhibited its own conversion. Overall, the results demonstrate that EA and Tol retain their intrinsic oxidation pathways, but competitive adsorption and intermediate interactions dictate their mutual inhibition-promotion dynamics.
Due to its high hydrogen density, secure management, and current production techniques, Chinese society views ammonia as a good hydrogen storage and transit medium. The economic and technical analysis of the 2024 Ammonia to Hydrogen and Ammonia to Power routes details their energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness to estimate the cost of establishing renewable energy power producing infrastructure. High-temperature ammonia cracker units at 600 degrees C have 88.56 and 87.010 percent energy and exergy efficiency, respectively. Hydrogen has a Levelized Cost of 3.82 USD/kg, and Pressure Swing Adsorption Driver technology has the lowest costs and lowest efficiency reduction in hydrogen separations. The high-temperature cracker and solid oxide fuel cell technology provide top system efficiency of 70.56 % and a Levelized Cost of Electricity of 0.146 USD/kWh. During hydrogen burning season, the ethanol-yeast process performs worse. This research shows that ammonia may use economic and technological improvements to transport renewable energy in China by guiding hydrogen adoption and policymaking.
Constructing economical and corrosion-resistant catalytic electrodes for efficient and long-term stable hydrogen production from seawater splitting is extremely challenging and significant. Herein, a "polymer network" efficient and corrosion-resistant self-supported catalytic electrode (PANI-NiP@IF) is successfully constructed by insitu etching of iron foam (IF) combined with the self-assembly of the conductive polymer aniline (PANI). The conductive PANI promotes electron redistribution and effectively reduces the activation energy of the hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) process, while its special core-shell structure forms a "network armour" to protect the catalytic active substances and improve the long-term stability of the catalytic electrode. In the alkaline electrolyte (1.0 M KOH+ 0.5 M NaCl), the overpotential of PANI-NiP@IF electrode in the HER and OER processes are only 196 mV and 231 mV at the current density of 100 mA cm(-2), and the voltage of overall water splitting (OWS) is only 1.899 V. More importantly, the PANI-NiP@IF electrode is able to continue stable catalysis for more than 350 h at a current density of 1.0 A cm(-2) after 400 h of catalysis at current densities of 10-500 mA cm(-2), demonstrating superior ampere-scale catalytic performance and stability. Simultaneously, this strategy is universally applicable to the catalysis of a series of conductive polymers (polypyridine and polypyrrole), which provides a strong theoretical support for the construction of efficient, economical and long-term stable catalytic electrodes for industrial-scale water splitting.
