Background: Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake is a major plantation species in tropical and subtropical regions, mainly grown for pulpwood. Increasing interest in solid wood applications has highlighted the need to improve wood properties through genetic selection. Methods: A subset of 200 trees representing 50 open-pollinated families from three seed sources in an eight-year-old progeny trial in northern Vietnam was sampled. Wood basic density, tangential, radial and longitudinal shrinkage, coefficient of anisotropy, and log end-splitting index (LESI) were assessed. Results: Wood basic density showed high heritability (h2 = 0.90 +/- 0.24). Tangential and radial shrinkage exhibited moderate heritability estimates (0.43 +/- 0.22 and 0.34 +/- 0.21, respectively), while longitudinal shrinkage showed no genetic variation. The coefficient of anisotropy and LESI also showed moderate heritability estimates (0.32 +/- 0.21 and 0.31 +/- 0.21). Genetic correlations between growth and wood traits were weak and non-significant, but a strong negative genetic correlation was observed between wood density and coefficient of anisotropy (-0.89 +/- 0.37). Conclusions: Substantial additive genetic variation exists for key wood properties in E. urophylla, indicating good potential for genetic improvement. Selection for higher wood density is expected to reduce anisotropy without compromising growth. These results support the integration of wood quality traits into breeding objectives to enhance solid wood recovery from plantation-grown E. urophylla.
This article studies the structural properties such as displacement of atom from equilibrium position, nearest neighbor distance, lattice constant, volume and density, elastic properties such as isothermal and adiabatic elastic moduli, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, elastic constants and the velocities of elastic waves for samarium-doped ceria (SDC) using the statistical moment method (SMM). The derived quantities are expressed as functions of temperature, pressure and dopant concentration incorporating the effect of lattice anharmonicity. The numerical results are compared with available experimental data.
Research on teacher self-efficacy is essential for the ocverall education system. As experiential learning becomes a critical component of education, teachers must not only enhance the quality of their lessons through such activities but also engage in professional learning communities to foster further development. These communities are vital for improving educational quality. Data collected from 2060 teachers will offer valuable insights that can help researchers develop theories and identify the relationships between professional learning communities, experiential learning, and teacher self-efficacy across primary, secondary, and high schools in Vietnam. Moreover, this data enables researchers to compare their findings with those from other educational contexts, including different levels or countries. Additionally, it will support comparative studies on the impact of gender, age, work experience, and job position on teacher self-efficacy.
The Inter-Domain Path Computation problem with Node-defined Domain Uniqueness Constraint (IDPC-NDU) is recognized as NP-Hard and is particularly relevant for packet routing within multi-domain networks, such as those utilizing the Hierarchical Path Computation Element (h-PCE) architecture. The goal of this problem is to identify the shortest path between two designated nodes while ensuring that each domain is visited no more than once. While numerous algorithms have addressed this problem in recent years, they face two main limitations: 1) complex encoding and decoding processes; and 2) single-task development without knowledge transfer between multiple tasks to improve solution quality. To address these limitations, this paper introduces an effective Multifactorial Evolutionary Algorithm with Node-depth Encoding (NDE-MFEA) for IDPC-NDU. We develop a novel solution encoding using a tree representation that adheres to domain constraints, making solution construction more practical. The algorithm leverages implicit knowledge transfer in multifactorial optimization to improve exploitation ability in promising solution spaces. Extensive experiments comparing our approach against several competitive algorithms demonstrate that NDE-MFEA significantly outperforms existing methods in terms of solution quality, convergence trends, and computational efficiency.
In this paper, we study the phenomenology of the Majoron in a radiative inverse seesaw framework embedded in an extended inert doublet model. In this setup, the lepton-number-violating parameter mu is generated at the two-loop level, leading to naturally suppressed Majoron couplings to light neutrinos. We derive the Majoron interaction matrix in the neutrino mass basis and compute decay widths for processes such as nu i ->nu jJ, Ni ->nu jJ and Ni -> N-JJ. We find that the couplings involving light neutrinos are highly suppressed, rendering their invisible decays negligible. For heavy neutral fermions, Majoron-induced decays are controlled by mu and are typically subdominant compared to gauge-mediated channels. For representative values with sizable light-heavy mixing, heavy neutrinos decay promptly, while in regions with suppressed mixing the Majoron channels can become relatively important, leading to reduced visible branching ratios, enhanced missing-energy signatures and potentially long-lived particles. Finally, we show that the Majoron never thermalizes in the early Universe, so that its contribution to the radiation energy density is negligible, ensuring consistency with BBN and CMB bounds on Delta Neff.
