Union University is a higher education institution with headquarters in Belgrade, Serbia. Founded on 21 June 2005, it has 3,114 enrolled students as of 2018–2019 school year, which makes it the fifth largest private university in Serbia.
The principle of autonomy constitutes a legally regulated relationship between administrative authorities and other state bodies or non-state entities. It entails a relative organizational and functional autonomy of administrative authorities, as well as the functional autonomy of authorized officials, objectively determined by the law. Following a lexical-semantic analysis of the term and the delineation of related concepts, the paper first presents a legal-theory framework on the autonomy of administrative authorities, followed by an overview of the legal-history framework and an analysis of the normative framework in the Republic of Serbia. The author concludes that constitutional and statutory provisions provide a solid normative basis for the autonomy of administrative authorities, yet there remains a need for its further enhancement. More importantly, there is a constant need to improve political practice and legal tradition in the consistent application of legal norms, that is, to develop a firmly established understanding and general consensus regarding the inadmissibility of undue influence on the work of administrative authorities.
Although diversification strategy is often cited as a mechanism for enhancing competitiveness and reducing risk, there is a limited number of empirical studies that continuously examine the impact of different forms of diversification on financial performance. In particular, the long-term effects of related and unrelated diversification compared to focused business operations remain insufficiently explored, especially in the context of contemporary economic instability. This study analyzes the financial performance of 109 companies over the period 2009–2024, classified according to their diversification strategy as focused, related diversified, and unrelated diversified firms. The sample includes companies from various industries and has a global geographical scope. The research applies three complementary methods—descriptive statistics, trend analysis, and combined analysis of variance (ANOVA)—to identify statistically significant differences in key performance indicators such as ROA, ROE, EBIT, and EBITDA margins. The results indicate that related diversification, although not statistically superior, provides the highest level of stability and profitability in the long run. Companies pursuing this strategy exhibit more consistent and resilient financial performance (EBIT, EBITDA, ROA, ROE), primarily due to synergy effects and efficient resource allocation. In contrast, focused and unrelated diversification strategies are associated with greater volatility and risk. The time dimension has a significant impact on performance, emphasizing the need for a contextual and dynamic approach to evaluating diversification strategies
The reason for writing this paper is the (non) application of the Agreement on Succession Issues, especially its Annex G, which refers to private property and acquired rights. The authors analyzed the legal norms from a theoretical point of view, and then, by researching case law and analyzing the decisions made, they pointed out the (non) application of the ratified Agreement on Succession Issues. Respecting the assumed international obligations, valid international law, legality and justice, as well as the credibility of the European Union, it is necessary in practice to ensure more efficient and direct application of Annex "G" of the Agreement on Succession Issues which stipulates that SFRY successor states will protect private property. and acquired rights of citizens and other legal entities. Result of the author's paper is the Platform for "Ending the War Period" on the territory of the former joint state of SFRY by implementing the ratified Agreement on Succession Issues with Annexes of "A - G" with special reference to Annex "G" Private property and acquired rights, as a convalidation enacted laws and their legal consequences. The aim of the paper is for the representatives of the states of the former SFRY to adopt the proposals of the future Declaration on the basis of the mentioned Platform, which the authors presented in the conclusion of the paper.
The aim of this paper is to explore the specifics of the Germ an approach in resolving legal issues that are raised regarding general terms and conditions. Applying legal-dogmatic, comparative and legal-historical methods, the paper examines the characteristics and basic directions of development of Germ an legal theory and legislation regarding general terms and conditions. The basics of understanding legal doctrine on the character and legal nature of general terms and conditions are laid out chronologically according to the time of creation and period of dominant influence. The paper highlights the extent to which the legal-theoretic and legal-dogmatic development of German law regarding general terms affected other German-speaking countries, primarily Austria and Switzerland. Legal theoretic development in German law ranged from the strong dominance of normative theory to its strong critics that led to the empowerment of contractual theory. Norm ative legal development is characterized by the principle 'from a special law to the general part of the civil code'. The review of the relevant BGB paragraphs shows that when amending paragraphs of the BGB, the legal concept, which was shaped through German theory and legislation in a coherent whole and in a special law on regulating the general terms and conditions law, was preserved. The provisions of that law were essentially taken into the German Civil Code in 2002 as part of the reform of German contract law. This law not only affected the development of other national legal systems, but also had some impact on the development of consumer law at the European Union level. Namely, some of its provisions were used as the basis for one of the most important directives concerning unfair contractual provisions. The paper also points to the current mechanisms for controlling general terms and conditions through the control of the validity of inclusion (incorporation), the black and grey list of contractual provisions and the general clause.
Preservation of the characteristics of agricultural and food products is directly correlated with the system of geographical indications. Today, in more than 150 countries around the world, geographical indications are in the service of guaranteeing quality, origin, method of production, often tradition and, finally, product safety. The authors point out the changes in consumer behaviour, the change in the propensity to consume products that are differentiated on the market by different forms of marking and certification, and the willingness to pay for the same products at premium prices. Additional labels have imposed themselves as the main means of valorizing products on the market. The authors point out the potential of Serbian agriculture and give recommendations to the legislator, but also to other competent institutions, in order to improve position of the overall national economy. Ecological, agriculture, based on the principles of non-GMO impurities, with a clear commitment to the integral principles of land cultivation represents the greatest potential of our country. Additional state measures that would support better education and improvement of the position of farmers, with careful strategic planning of agriculture on the already mentioned principles, would make it an accelerator of the overall economic development. Geographical indications as well as standardization and certification must be an indispensable tool along the way.
