In this paper,liquid-phase photocatalysis is used to analyse the degradation of common methylene blue(MB)solutions of concrete substrates under different concentrations of loaded photocatalysts dispersed with different dispersants,to study the change in absorbance before and after,and to convert the change in concentration using a standard curve to derive an evaluation of the change in concentration and thus qualitatively derive an analysis of the degradation performance of photocatalytic concrete.
Bio-natural gas(BNG)from livestock manure is a potential alternative energy source that can yield significant resource and environmental benefits.Energy potentials and carbon intensity differences in livestock manure utilization may exist in provincial areas.The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics for the BNG potentials are analyzed.A life-cycle carbon emission accounting model for carbon intensity was proposed.The results show that the scale and intensification of livestock increases with it BNG potential.The BNG potentials vary greatly among provinces.The annual carbon emission reduction potential of BNG from livestock manure reached 1.25 billion tons.The proposed energy potential,spatial characteristics,and carbon intensity measurement are expected to provide better support for enhancing specific regional plans for livestock manure utilization.
In recent years, researches have shown that highly reactive coke for blast furnace ironmaking not only reduces fuel ratio but also reduces carbon emissions. Therefore, the research on developing high reactivity coke has received unprecedented attention. In this work, CaO was added into coals with different degrees of metamorphism to caking coke to study the effect of CaO amount on the non-isothermal gasification reaction behavior of coke. Results showed that the reactivity is significantly improved as the mass of added calcium oxide accounting for less than 0.4% of the dry coal mass. However, CaO exerted little effect on the micro-strength and structural strength of coke. The analysis of Mercury intrusion porosimetry of coke samples demonstrates that the addition of CaO increased the porosity of coke, resulting in the contact area with CO2, leading further to an increase in coke reactivity. At different heating rates, as the amount of CaO added increased, both the initial reaction temperature and the corresponding temperature of the maximum reaction rate of the gasification from CO2 decreased little by little. The addition of CaO was increased from 0% to 0.6%, the activation energy of the reaction was decreased by 16.41 kJ/mol. The kinetic model of the gasification of coke by CO2 conforms to the unreacted shrinking core model. The reaction mechanism function is converted from f(alpha) = 3(1-alpha)2/3 to f(alpha) = 2(1-alpha)1/2 (alpha means carbon conversion ratio), indicating that the addition of CaO accelerates the dissolution rate of coke by CO2.
ZnO/TiO2 nanotubes were prepared using ZnO nanorods as raw materials, which were synthesized by hydrothermal methods. Then its performance as an electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell was Investigated. The obtained products were characterized by SEM, XRD, EDX and N-2 adsorption. Furthermore, the photoelectric properties of ZnO/TiO2 nanotubes film electrodes calcined at different temperatures were investigated by UV-Vis adsorption spectra and electrochemical workstation. It is found that the DSSC based on ZnO/TiO2 nanotubes calcined at 600 C have optimum photoelectric properties, J=2.28 mA/cm(2) and V-oc= 0.631 V, yielding the 0.66% maximum conversion efficiency. Additionally, after TiCl4 posttreatment, the performance of DSSC made from ZnO/TiO2 nanotubes are improved obviously and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is up to 1.06%.
Poly(γ-benzyl l-glutamate)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend films were prepared by a solution casting method. Surface morphologies of the polymer blend films were investigated by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal, mechanical, and physical properties of the polymer blend films were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, tensile tests, and contact angle tests. It was revealed that the introduction of PVA could exert pronounced effects on the morphologies and the properties of the polypeptide films.
As an important part of the gas pipeline safety system, the venting pipe plays a role in protecting the safe operation of the network and reducing the consequences of accidents, and its design feasibility, rationality and safety are particularly important. In China, most of the online simulation software used for gas pipeline network venting simulation is limited to expensive, poorly controllable software and difficult to design for specific working conditions, so the application of dynamic simulation software for gas pipeline networks is of great importance. In this paper, simulation software is developed for city gas pipeline venting systems, simulations are carried out using a programming language, the usability of the developed software is verified and the influence of different influencing factors on the venting process is investigated using the control variable method of analysis.
热解技术是实现污泥高效资源化的主要途径之一,污泥热解产物可用于制备重油、污泥炭及燃料气体.污泥热解产物组分复杂、目标产物难以控制而碱土金属催化剂可提高热解产物产率和质量,降低处理成本.通过文献调研,对比不同碱土金属化合物作为催化剂时对城市污泥、含油污泥、造纸污泥热解产物的影响及优化效果,分析了不同种类催化剂的优势与不足,为不同污泥高效催化热解资源化利用提供了依据和参考.
为研究纳米SiO2/SBR复合改性沥青的性能,通过针入度试验、软化点试验、延度试验、动态剪切流变试验(DSR)、弯曲梁蠕变试验(BBR),分析改性沥青的基本性能、高温流变性能以及低温抗裂性能.试验结果表明:纳米SiO2 的加入,使得SBR改性沥青的针入度降低,软化点、延度升高;同时SBR改性沥青的车辙因子有所提高,高温性能得到改善;SBR改性沥青的蠕变劲度模量S值最小,蠕变速率m值最大,说明纳米SiO2 可以改善沥青的低温性能.
以醋酸锰和聚丙烯腈为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备了MnO2/CNFs复合纤维,研究了染料的种类、染料初始浓度、煅烧温度、吸附时间等因素对该复合纤维吸附染料性能的影响.当铬黑T初始质量浓度为30 mg/L,醋酸锰与PAN质量比为 40%,煅烧温度为 900℃时,吸附时间为 2.5 h,温度为40℃时,该复合材料对铬黑T的吸附量为18.31 mg/g,去除率达到61.04%.
为研究OMMT/SBR复合改性沥青的性能,采用DSR、BBR测试方法,探究复合改性沥青在高温以及低温下的抗车辙、抗开裂性能.研究结果显示:复合改性剂的掺入对改性沥青的高低温性能进行了加强与改善,掺入有机蒙脱土旨在提高沥青高温性能是可行的.
天然气作为一种清洁能源越来越受到社会的关注,由于天然气产业的飞速发展及其需求量的激增,国内LNG储罐呈现出大型化的趋势.文章以江苏滨海液化天然气(LNG)项目一期工程为研究对象,通过对大型LNG储罐设备设施的危险有害因素进行分析研究,总结得到27万m3大型LNG储罐的主要危险因素来源,明确具体危险因素的产生原因,对接收站的安全运行提供相应建议与参考.
环焊缝安全问题一直是管道安全保护的薄弱一环.随着城市化的发展,越来越多的交通路线与埋地管道产生了交叉,交通路线上车辆载荷对埋地管道的环焊缝安全造成了一定的威胁.为了评估车辆载荷作用下埋地管道环焊缝的安全性,本文以国内某管道为例,通过数值模型计算得到不同条件下管道应力分布,并基于ASME B31G的管道失效压力评估方法对该管道进行了体积型缺陷适用性评价,基于FAD方法对管道环焊缝进行了平面型缺陷适用性评价.最后针对评价结果给出了相应防护措施,证明了方法的准确性和实用性.
为寻找新型的降糖药物的候选化合物,以芳香酸为起始原料,通过经典的取代和加成反应,得到4-氯-N-((2-疏基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-5-基)硫代甲酰胺)苯甲酰胺,其结构经1H-NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS谱确证;对其抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性进行评价,探究了其抑制机理;通过DPPH自由基和ABTS+·清除率考察其抗氧化活性.结果表明,该化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性IC50达到5.655μmol·L-1,比阳性对照阿卡波糖(IC50=26.79 μmol·L-1)的抑制活性要强约5倍;此外,该化合物还有一定的抗氧化活性.抑制机理研究显示,该化合物属于α-葡萄糖苷酶的不可逆抑制剂.本研究发现了 4-氯-N-((2-硫基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-5-基)硫代甲酰胺)苯甲酰胺的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,为开发安全有效的降糖药物提供了参考.
以废弃蛋壳为钙源,十二烷基硫酸钠为模板剂,采用模板法制备碳酸钙微球.使用X射线衍射分析仪、扫描电子显微镜对其物相及形貌进行表征.将碳酸钙微球用于甲基橙吸附实验,研究碳酸钙微球的吸附性能.结果表明:成功制备了碳酸钙微球;室温下,碳酸钙微球的投入量0.2 g,甲基橙的初始质量浓度300 mg/L,吸附时间8 h,吸附率达到65％.
为研究非正规填埋场渗滤液对周边地下水水质的影响,以嘉兴市某非正规填埋场为研究对象,采用污染指数和内梅罗指数对周边地下水污染程度进行分级评价,确定填埋场周边地下水已受到有机物、重金属(Zn、Cu、Ni)和As的严重污染.由于地下水流向的影响,填埋场西北侧地下水污染指标多且程度最高(内梅罗指数66.79),填埋场南侧地下水污染指标少且程度最低(内梅罗指数1.20).结合地下水流向和Spearman相关性分析得出填埋场西北侧的地下水水质主要受到渗流液的影响,西南侧地下水水质受到上游地下水及渗滤液的共同影响,南侧和北侧地下水均受渗滤液影响较小.这对非正规填埋场周边地下水的保护和精准治理有重要意义.
In this paper, Pd/C catalyzed Suzuki reaction to synthesize 2,4′,6-trichlorobiphenyl was reported.Most of the Pd/C-catalyzed Suzuki couplings in the air atmosphere can be efficiently reacted in the range of room temperature to 80 ℃,and there have been a large number of successful implementation cases.However, this study found some different results for Pd/C catalyzed synthesis of 2,4′,6-trichlorobiphenyl.After 2 hours of reaction at room temperature（21 ℃）,the detection results showed that no product was formed; after the reaction temperature was maintained at 80 ℃ for 2 hours, The yield of the target product is only 5.3%,and the reaction time is extended to 4 hours, and the target product is only increased to 8.7%,and there are a lot of raw materials in the reaction system.After the reaction temperature was 80 ℃ for 16 hours, the yield of the target product dropped to 7.1%.As a comparison, the experiment of Pd（PPh 3 ） 4 -catalyzed synthesis of the target product was carried out in parallel in this paper, and the reaction was heated to 80 ℃ overnight, and the yield of the target product reached 80%.The possible reason for this result is that the steric hindrance of the reaction substrate 1,3-dichlorobromobenzene is too large, and the relative catalytic ability of the Pd/C catalytic system is relatively weak.For bulky substituted bromobenzene substrates, traditional Suzuki reaction conditions are still required.
中国的污泥产量不断增加,从目前中国的污泥主要的处理方式现状分析来看,中国城市处理各种污泥的主要处理方式是用农用、填埋、焚烧、海洋垃圾倾倒处理.随着人口的增长,污水的增加导致污泥的产量也在不断增加,以及人们对生活质量要求也有所提高,对污染治理的重视程度越来越高.目前,大量污泥资源再利用化(堆肥、污泥陶粒、建材利用活性炭制陶粒制砖制活性炭制砖污泥)已成为环境保护和能源应用的新方向和新目标.污泥资源化再利用在未来也将会得到国家的大力支持,实现污泥资源再利用最大化的宏伟目标.
Calcium borate hydrate was synthesized by hydrothermal method using anhydrous calcium chloride, boric acid, citric acid and sodium hydroxide as raw materials and deionized water as solvent.The prepared calcium borate hydrate material was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.The absorbance of calcium borate hydrate to Congo red dye solution and methylene blue dye solution was tested by UV-visible spectrophotometer, and the removal rate of calcium borate hydrate to Congo red dye solution and methylene blue dye solution was obtained by calculation.The results show that the hydrated calcium borate of Congo red dye solution has certain adsorption, the adsorption removal rate reached 95.41%,and the adsorption properties of methylene blue dye solution is poorer, experiment results show that nanometer structure water and boric acid calcium material for Congo red dye solution has selective adsorption, adsorption material is expected to be environmentally friendly.
白芥作为一种中草药植物,其种子(白芥子)被广泛研究.首次选取藏区白芥叶子作为研究对象,通过水与75%乙醇作为溶剂对其进行提取,对提取物中多糖、黄酮、酚类成分进行含量测定与质谱分析(UHPLC-MS-Q Exactive).最终通过透明质酸酶抑制实验与角质细胞抗刺激试验分别对白芥叶子水提取物进行体外保湿与舒缓评价测试,结果表明提取物具有较好的保湿与舒缓效果,进而说明其具备作为相关功效性天然化妆品原料的潜力.本工作为充分挖掘白芥植物利用价值有重要意义.
土壤半挥发性有机物的分析检测中,目标组分的有效提取是影响检测结果最为重要的环节,一种快速有效的提取方式在分析检测中具有至关重要的作用.QuEChERS前处理技术因其快速、高效、低成本等优势在有机物检测中引起广泛关注,本文介绍了QuEChERS技术的基本原理,对该方法近些年在国内土壤半挥发性有机物检测中的应用情况进行了简介,同时分析了方法在土壤半挥发性有机物中的应用前景.
