Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as promising platforms for wearable bioelectronics due to their low-voltage operation, intrinsic signal amplification, and efficient coupling of ionic and electronic charge transport. Although textile OECTs have attracted increasing attention for health monitoring and smart textile applications, existing reviews have primarily focused on fibre-based devices and do not capture the full diversity of textile OECT architectures. To address this gap, this review systematically evaluates the current state of textile OECT technology and its development toward wearable bioelectronic systems. The review covers OECT operating principles, materials, textile-compatible fabrication approaches, textile device architectures, and emerging applications in biochemical and electrophysiological sensing. The literature reveals a rapidly expanding field encompassing fibre- and yarn-based OECTs, printed textile devices, and emerging stacked and vertical architectures, alongside significant advances in sensing performance and textile integration. These developments demonstrate the considerable potential of textile OECTs as multifunctional platforms for continuous and unobtrusive physiological monitoring. Future progress will depend on overcoming challenges related to long-term stability, washability, scalable manufacturing, and standardised performance evaluation under realistic textile operating conditions.
Abstract Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide categorized as an environmental contaminant due to its high toxicity and risk to aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this study, we developed a Screen-printed Disposable Polyethylene Terephthalate (SD-PET) sensor using a green sodium alginate/graphite conductive ink. To maximize performance, the electrode surface was modified with a bamboo biochar composite incorporating copper nanoparticles (BC-CuNPs). Under optimized differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) conditions, the BC-CuNPs sensor outperformed the other configurations, displaying excellent linearity for PQ detection from 10 to 250 µmol L−1 (R2 = 0.988), a sensitivity of 0.0234 µA µmol−1 L, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 7.65 µmol L−1 and 25.48 µmol L−1, respectively. Selectivity studies against common aquatic interferents (chloroquine, levofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole) and tap water assays indicated mild matrix effects, though the device successfully quantified the analyte under competitive conditions. UV–Vis spectrophotometry validated the accuracy of the proposed method as an independent reference technique. Furthermore, the environmental sustainability of the device was quantitatively confirmed by green chemistry metrics, achieving a high AGREE score of 0.71 and a favorable ComplexGAPI profile. Despite presenting a limited shelf life over 21 days, the developed SD-PET/BC-CuNPs sensor stands out as a highly efficient, eco-friendly, and viable alternative for on-site environmental monitoring of paraquat.
This study systematically investigates the role of Ni doping on La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.8Cu0.2O3 for electrochemical oxygen reactions by substituting Fe sites. Glycine-assisted sol–gel method followed by annealing at 900 °C is used to synthesize La0.5Sr0.5Fe1−xNixCu0.2O3 (where x = 0.0–0.8). Electrocatalytic activity of La0.5Sr0.5Fe1−xNixCu0.2O3 was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis in a 0.1 M KOH electrolyte. The results indicate that La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3 exhibits excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance (onset overpotential 346 mV and Tafel slope 69.47 mV/dec), and La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.2Ni0.6Cu0.2O3 shows excellent oxygen reduction reaction (Tafel slope 185.68 mV/dec). Lower values of Tafel slope as well as onset potential for La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3 compared to undoped La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.8Cu0.2O3 signify enhanced reaction kinetics and higher charge transfer. La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3 catalyst maintained a nearly constant current throughout the 5 h chronoamperometric test, demonstrating good electrochemical stability. The synthesized materials were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction with Le Bail profile fitting to analyse phases. Size, surface morphology and elemental composition were analysed by Field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM) analysis. Among all compositions, La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3 shows the highest OER activity and La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.2Ni0.6Cu0.2O3 shows good ORR activity. Further, La0.5Sr0.5Fe0.4Ni0.4Cu0.2O3 was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) to investigate its oxidation states and detailed morphology. The improved performance after Ni substitution is associated with reduced particle size (as per FESEM analysis), increased electrochemical surface area, and changes in the surface electronic environment.
A new bis-benzimidazole diamide derivative, namely N1,N4-bis((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxamide (BCHDA), was synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The inhibition performance of BCHDA was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), surface morphology analysis (SEM–EDX), density functional theory (DFT), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Potentiodynamic polarisation measurements were carried out at temperatures ranging from 298 to 328 K and inhibitor concentrations between 10−4 and 10−3 M. Potentiodynamic polarisation results indicated that BCHDA acts as a mixed-type inhibitor by suppressing both anodic metal dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution reactions. As per electrochemical impedance studies, a maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of 94.32
Fuel adulteration remains a significant concern because it can reduce engine performance, shorten the service life of engines and machinery, and increase harmful emissions when lower-cost hydrocarbons, such as kerosene, are added to commercial fuels. These issues result in financial losses and environmental hazards, underscoring the need for rapid and precise detection techniques. To solve these issues, we propose a novel sensor that allows fuel quality monitoring by utilizing the principles of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to identify minute variations in the refractive index at a constant wavelength of 633 nm. The present work reports the use of a multilayer structure, including a BAK1 prism, silver (Ag), hafnium dioxide (HfO2), aluminium antimonide (AlSb), and iron sesquioxide (FeO3), to detect fuel adulteration based on the change in refractive index (RI). The performance of the sensor was calculated using key parameters, such as sensitivity, Quality factor (QF), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), figure of merit (FOM), and combined sensitivity factor (CSF). The results obtained from the proposed sensor having sensitivity of 389.91 °/RIU, a QF of 201.193 RIU−1, a SNR of 0.231, a FOM of 114.481, and CSF of 109.4. This results in the possibility of the accurate detection of fuel adulteration. Graphene, Black phosphorous (BP), Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) and molybdenum Di selenide ( MoSe2) are the 2D materials improved the performance of the sensor. The proposed biosensor offers an affordable, quick, and field-deployable fuel quality solution to address the serious environmental and life span issues of machines related to fuel adulteration.
