The rise of renewable energy and electrified transportation drives demand for all-solid-state sodium-ion batteries with high safety and energy density. Among the materials investigated, NASICON-type Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 has emerged as a promising solid-state electrolyte due to its three-dimensional open-framework structure and superior Na + conductivity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the structural properties of Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 , with particular emphasis on the mechanisms by which various doping strategies influence ionic conductivity. Furthermore, a co-doping approach has been shown to lower activation energy via synergistic effects, thereby significantly improving ionic conductivity. Additionally, various preparation methods can effectively mitigate the formation of impurity phases and enhance material density. Doping-optimised NASICON electrolytes facilitate the development of all-solid-state sodium batteries with improved specific capacity and extended cycling stability. This study paves the way for high-performance solid-state electrolytes and proposes future research on multivariate co-doping and low-temperature sintering.
Dephosphorisation slag generally consists of a 2CaO·SiO 2 –3CaO·P 2 O 5 (C 2 S–C 3 P) solid solution, CaO–SiO 2 –FeO x glassy phase, and RO phase (FeO x , MgO and MnO). Its components, such as CaO, FeO x , MnO, and MgO, can be used as a soil conditioner in agriculture to improve acidic soil and supply nutrient elements. To promote its dissolution, CaO–SiO 2 –Fe 2 O 3 glassy phases with different Al 2 O 3 and Na 2 O contents were synthesised, and their dissolution behaviour and mechanism were investigated. The addition of Al 2 O 3 significantly inhibited the dissolution of the glassy phase because it increased the degree of polymerisation of the silicate network, and the glassy phase structure became more stable as the Al 2 O 3 content increased. When 3% Na 2 O was added, the dissolution ratios of elements from the glassy phase were the highest, with the dissolution ratio of Si reaching 21.0% and the dissolution ratios of Ca and Fe reaching 21.6% and 17.7% at pH 5. The substitution of CaO with Na 2 O significantly reduced the dissolution ratios of all elements. As the Na 2 O content increased, Na 2 O had a bigger influence on the silicate structure. Na 2 O addition enhanced the proportion of Q Si 2 units and formed additional bonds by interacting with non-bridging oxygens in the silicate tetrahedra, strengthening the stability of the glass network. Lowering pH increased the dissolution ratios of elements.
Pluronic F-127 based alumina-rice husk inks with different weight % of rice husk (1, 3, 5, 7.5, 10 wt.%) were prepared and rheological characteristic of the inks was studied. The concentration of rice husk in the solid content of the ink was 1.5%, 4.6%, 7.7%, 11.5%, and 15.4%. The gelation temperature was observed to decrease with an increase in rice husk wt.% from 23 degrees C to 7 degrees C. The XRD of the sintered sample showed the presence of quartz and nepheline derived from rice husk and alumina. The microstructure of sintered alumina showed that porosity increased with increasing rice husk content. The relative density of the samples sintered at 1350 degrees C and 1600 degrees C was observed to be between 80.6% and 62.5%, and between 83.8% and 76.3%. This study shows that the microstructure of 3D-printed parts can be tailored by adding rice husk to alumina-PF127 inks by direct ink writing.
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) in high-temperature environments have prominent nonlinear and hysteresis character-istics, which lead to the complexity of high-temperature vibration characteristics and difficulty of dynamic response simu-lation. Therefore, this study conducted a simulation analysis and experimental research on the vibration characteristics of2.5D woven C/SiC compositeflat-plate structures at different temperatures in an oxygen-free environment. Tensile, load-ing, and unloading tests and swept-frequency vibration tests were conducted on theflat-plate structure of CMCs underdifferent temperatures and oxygen-free environments, and an intrinsic model under arbitrary cyclic tensile and compressiveloads was established based on the characteristics of the stress-strain curves. The natural frequency of the CMCsfirstincreased and then decreased with increasing temperature. Finally, based on the macroscopic intrinsic model, the dynamicresponse was calculated using the centre difference method, and the maximum error of natural frequency was within 10%.
The article describes the performance of ring-type lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics for accelerometer applications. In-house developed modified PZT powder was used for the fabrication of a ring-shaped sample. The samples were sintered at 1250 degrees C for 2 h, levelled, electrode and poled for 30 min. Piezoelectric charge constant (d33), dielectric constant (K), loss factor (tan delta) and Curie temperature (Tc) of the sample measured were 550 pC/N, 1752, 0.03 and 329 degrees C, respectively. Displacement versus applied voltage showed 1.06 & micro;m at a driving voltage of 1800 V. Saturation polarisation (Pr), maximum polarisation (Pmax) and coercive field (Ec) measured were 25.2 & micro;C/cm2, 33.5 & micro;C/cm2 and 8.5 kV/cm, respectively. The response of PZT ring samples in terms of output voltage was measured at different acceleration 'g' and frequencies. The output voltage versus 'g' graph shows very much linearity for all the test frequencies (500 Hz, 1 kHz, 5 kHz and 10 kHz). Maximum output voltage of 1885 mV was measured at 10 kHz and 20 g. Linear graph and better output of the ring samples imply that the developed PZT samples are very much suitable for accelerometer applications.
