Abstract Spectacle buildings were among the largest and most characteristic public buildings in a Roman city. Due to the high degree of functional specialisation, four distinctive building types evolved for mass entertainment: the theatre, amphitheatre, circus and stadium. With the combination of some of their architectural features, a variety of hybrid structures also existed. The number and spatial distribution of these building types are characteristic to each province in the Empire. Of the four spectacle building types three were present in Pannonia. Among the archaeologically attested structures we find one theatre in Siscia, one late Roman circus in Sirmium, seven amphitheatres (Carnuntum, Aquincum, Scarbantia) and one theatre or amphitheatre in Savaria. Additionally, the existence of several further amphitheatres is known, suspected or hypothesised based on various pieces of evidence in Brigetio, Mursa, Poetovio, Andautonia, Siscia, Sopianae and Gorsium. In Pannonia most amphitheatres stood in towns with legionary bases or with a large number of army veterans and were built in a wide time range between the middle of the 1st and the middle of the 3rd centuries CE. The paper offers a detailed overview of Pannonian spectacle buildings based on publications. The data collected show that while most of the discussed structures were excavated during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there have been important recent discoveries in the form of both inscriptions and physical remains of formerly unknown buildings which necessitate the re-evaluation of our general picture about Roman entertainment buildings in Pannonia.
Abstract This methodological study is linked to the gazetteer of Avar and subsequent centuries (7th–13th centuries) ironworking sites, with particular emphasis on the Árpádian-period evidence, which will be published as an independent chapter in Volume II of the forthcoming monograph Avar Ironworking in the Light of Interdisciplinary Research . The immediate motivation for the present paper was the exceptionally large dataset of ironworking sites (577), which provides an opportunity to apply a novel spatial analytical approach. Our aim is to present this methodology and its potential. The study is preceded by a series of methodological, topographical, causal, and archaeological questions, to which we seek to provide answers. One of the most significant outcomes of the analyses is the identification of distinct spatial organisation between production and processing sites: whereas bloomery furnaces display a highly concentrated spatial pattern, blacksmiths' workshops exhibit a more dispersed distribution that is less closely associated with the principal production zones. This pattern may indicate a functionally differentiated spatial organisation of the early medieval iron industry.
Abstract The paper presents a small Late Bronze Age bronze hoard discovered in 2020 during a metal-detector survey at Vatta-Telekoldal-dűlő. Part of the assemblage was unearthed in situ in a ceramic vessel, while the remaining finds were recovered within a radius of a few metres around it. Typochronological, metalwork wear and compositional analyses indicate that the assemblage was deposited during the Younger Urnfield Period (Ha A2–Ha B1). The hoard is further evaluated in its regional context, taking into account the topographical position of the site, the evidence of nearby settlement activity, as well as the region's metalworking traditions and hoarding practices.
Absztrakt Sopron-Várhely (Burgstall) a kora vaskori Hallstatt-kultúra egyik legismertebb lelőhelye, amelynek kutatástörténete hosszú időre nyúlik vissza. A 19. század végétől a 20. század első harmadáig tartó időszak kezdeti eredményei az európai vaskorkutatás élvonalába helyezték a leletanyagot, amelyet az 1970-es években folytatódó, modern szemléletű ásatási eredmények teljesítettek ki. A Soproni Múzeum 2021 és 2025 között a Pécsi Tudományegyetemmel együttműködésben és önkéntesek bevonásával végzett nagyobb léptékű terepbejárásokat és fémkereső műszeres lelőhely-felderítést. Ezeket évente háromhetes ásatási szezonok egészítették ki. 2023 februárjában fémkereső műszeres kutatás során Fábián-Gyekiczky Tibor megtalálta a lelőhely történetének első kincsleletét. A Várhely közepén lévő magaslaton előkerült I. depó több aranyfólia bevonatos bronztárgyat és egyéb kísérőleleteket tartalmazott, amelyek egyetlen együttest alkotnak. Tanulmányunkban bemutatjuk az előkerülés körülményeit és a tárgyakat.
