To evaluate lamina cribrosa (LC) morphology using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with thyroid orbitopathy (TO) and to investigate whether lamina cribrosa curvature (LCC) parameters, particularly the lamina cribrosa curvature index (LCCI), are associated with disease activity or the presence of TO. This cross-sectional study included 92 participants: 12 with active TO, 40 with inactive TO, and 40 healthy controls. Right and left eyes were analyzed separately. Optic nerve head imaging was performed using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Lamina cribrosa thickness, depth, curvature width, curvature depth, and LCCI were compared among active TO, inactive TO, and control groups. Active and inactive TO patients were also combined for case–control analysis. There were no significant differences among the three groups in terms of sex distribution or axial length (p > 0.05). Hertel exophthalmometry (HE) measurements and intraocular pressure were significantly higher in the TO groups compared with controls (p < 0.001). Regarding LC morphology, no statistically significant differences were observed among active TO, inactive TO, and healthy controls in LCT, LCD, LCCW, LCCD, or LCCI for either right or left eyes. Similarly, case–control analysis comparing the combined TO group with healthy controls demonstrated no significant differences in any LC parameter (all p > 0.05). A direct pairwise comparison between active and inactive TO likewise showed no statistically significant difference in any LC parameter. LC curvature and related structural parameters did not show statistically significant differences between patients with TO and healthy individuals. These findings suggest that, in patients with TO without dysthyroid optic neuropathy, LCCI alone may have limited utility as a structural marker of disease presence or clinical activity.
To describe short-term clinical and anatomical outcomes associated with oral prednisolone and posterior sub-Tenon triamcinolone acetonide as initial corticosteroid-based treatment strategies in acute ocular Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease (VKH). This retrospective comparative cohort study included 30 treatment-naïve patients (60 eyes) with acute ocular VKH treated at a tertiary referral center between January 2021 and December 2025. Patients were classified using a study-specific two-tier designation (definite or probable VKH) derived from the 2001 Revised Diagnostic Criteria. Treatment assignment (oral prednisolone, n = 15, 1.0 mg/kg/day tapered over 3–6 weeks; or PST/STA, n = 15) was guided by clinical severity and systemic involvement. The primary outcome was complete clinical and anatomical ocular control at 3 months, defined as absence of clinically active intraocular inflammation, resolution of subretinal fluid on OCT, and stable or improved BCVA. Secondary outcomes included BCVA over 6 months, OCT-based anatomical recovery, recurrence rates, rescue therapy requirement, and adverse events. Resolution of subretinal fluid was assessed qualitatively on OCT as complete disappearance of the subretinal fluid pocket, with central macular thickness (CMT) recorded in parallel as a supportive structural measure. Statistical analyses included the independent and paired t-tests, two-sided Fisher’s exact test, and Kaplan–Meier analysis with the log-rank test. At 3 months, complete clinical and anatomical ocular control was achieved in 12/15 (80.0
Cavernous venous malformations (CVMs), historically referred to as cavernous hemangiomas, are benign vascular lesions characterized by large, thin-walled vascular channels. Although they are commonly encountered in the orbit, isolated conjunctival involvement is extremely rare. Because conjunctival CVMs may resemble other vascular lesions, careful clinical evaluation, imaging, and histopathological examination are important for establishing the diagnosis and excluding intraocular or orbital extension. A 40-year-old man presented with a painless red mass in the right conjunctiva that had been present for approximately 20 years. The lesion remained stable for many years but had gradually increased in size over the preceding 5 years. Ocular examination revealed a vascularized, red, elevated, non-tender mass measuring approximately 1 × 1.2 mm over the temporal bulbar conjunctiva, with engorgement of the surrounding conjunctival and episcleral vessels. The lesion was soft and non-mobile, with no pulsation or change in size during the Valsalva maneuver and no blanching following topical application of 2.5
To evaluate short-term anatomical, inflammatory, and visual outcomes of combined corneal ulcer debridement, conjunctival flap grafting, and amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in patients with severe necrotizing stromal herpes simplex keratitis (HSVNSK) with corneal perforation or impending perforation. This retrospective observational case series included 14 eyes of 14 patients with clinically diagnosed severe HSVNSK treated at Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital between January 2020 and December 2025. All eyes had a minimum stromal thickness of 210 μm or less at the ulcer bed and either established perforation or impending perforation. In addition to standardized topical and systemic anti-infective and anti-inflammatory therapy, all eyes underwent corneal ulcer debridement, conjunctival flap grafting, and AMT. Follow-up was scheduled on postoperative day 1, week 1, week 2, month 1, month 3, month 6, and month 12. Main outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal opacity score, corneal neovascularization grade, conjunctival and limbal injection scores, anterior chamber depth, thickness of the composite repair layer at the ulcer bed, time to epithelialization, resolution of hypopyon, and postoperative complications. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare all parameters between baseline and 1 month postoperatively. Follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months relied on qualitative telephone interviews. The cohort comprised 6 men and 8 women with a mean age of 55.3 ± 7.6 years. Six eyes (42.9
To describe two adolescent patients with bilateral peripapillary subretinal fibrosis (PSF) without overt clinical or angiographic evidence of active intraocular inflammation. Observational case series of two adolescent patients who underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Both patients demonstrated bilateral peripapillary subretinal fibrotic lesions with variable macular involvement. In Case 1, the left eye showed macular extension with findings suggestive of a subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane, associated with intraretinal cystic changes on OCT, while the fellow eye exhibited a peripapillary lesion sparing the macula. In Case 2, the left eye showed macular involvement with marked outer retinal atrophy and increased choroidal hypertransmission, whereas the right eye had an isolated peripapillary fibrotic lesion without foveal involvement. Fluorescein angiography revealed late staining of the fibrotic areas without angiographic signs of active intraocular inflammation; window defect–related hyperfluorescence was observed in areas of atrophy. Visual acuity reduction was observed only in eyes with macular involvement. These cases describe a presumed non-inflammatory presentation of bilateral peripapillary subretinal fibrosis in adolescent patients. However, an underlying inherited retinal disorder or subclinical inflammatory or infectious disease cannot be completely excluded because the relevant historical investigations could not be verified. Further studies, including genetic and electrophysiological evaluation, are required to better define the underlying mechanisms.
