Active Prefabricated Façade with building-integrated photovoltaic(APF-BIPV)technologies used in the prefabricated building envelope component offer a promising approach to energy-efficient building renovation,combining renewable energy generation with modular construction advantages.This study systematically reviews APF-BIPV technologies,assessing their technological development,performance optimization,economic feasibility,and policy implications.Based on PRISMA methodology,the review includes not only peer-reviewed publications from Scopus and Web of Science but also analyzes research outputs from European-funded projects,highlighting the significant technological advancements that have transformed prefabricated façade components from basic cladding systems into highly integrated,multifunctional building elements,integrating PV technology for renewable energy production.This systematic review study shows that the combination of PV integrated in modular prefabricated construction holds significant future relevance,offering a dual benefit:reducing the energy consumption while promoting energy self-sufficiency in buildings.Over the past decade,the number of research publications on Active Prefabricated Façades(APF)has increased by approximately 3.5 times across the Scopus and Web of Science databases,demonstrating the significant potential of this technology.At the same time,APF-related projects in Europe have been strongly supported and promoted through funding schemes and policy initiatives.The integration of PV systems in modular prefabricated construction represents a strategic win-win collaboration between research and industry projects,where academic innovation meets practical application.This research aims to establish a reference framework for innovation in the field of active prefabricated envelope systems,offering a comprehensive overview of current technologies,integration strategies,and emerging trends.
Room temperature data measured by sensors is a crucial parameter for the operational control of room air conditioners.Asymmetric and stratified temperature distribution of the indoor space can lead to different data feedback from sensors at different locations at the same point in time,which ultimately affects the stability of room temperature control and the level of air conditioning energy consumption.The influence of sensors at different locations in the building are expounded on the stability of room temperature control and the energy consumption level of air conditioning.Twenty measurement points in the residential space are selected for the experiments,and cluster analysis is used to classify the measurement point categories based on the measured temperature data.Simulations are carried out for rooms of different sizes using FEA software,and a search model for the optimal sensor position is established,while a method of correcting parameters to adjust the initial sensor position is proposed.Therefore,it provides theoretical and practical support to improve the operation of room air conditioners.
Radiative cooling coatings are widely used owing to their excellent cooling performance and energy efficiency. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on their weather resistance, long-term performance and effects on building load. To fill this research gap, seven coatings were selected for experimental observation and simulation research. The results revealed noticeable differences among different coatings regarding anti-aging properties, cooling performance and building load reduction. Some coatings exhibited yellowing, cracking and peeling after weathering tests, accompanied by a decline in their radiative properties. Long-term tests showed that the cooling performance of all coatings gradually decreased due to natural aging, and the rate of decline was proportional to the weathering of the coatings. Building load simulations revealed the potential effect of coating selection on cooling and heating loads, thereby suggesting that different coatings should be selected based on actual usage scenarios in different climatic zones.
针对我国装配式钢结构建筑缺乏基础参数研究的现状问题,以近年天津、河北4 个装配式钢结构建筑EPC项目为例,通过工程材料预算、施工组织方案和相关基础参数计算建筑隐含碳排放,重点分析钢结构工程部分的建材及建造(运输+现场施工)碳排放.结果表明,钢结构工程单位建筑面积钢构件隐含碳排放量为234.72～362.68 kgCO2e/m2,钢构件运输碳排放量分别在0.04～3.45 kgCO2e/m2 之间.现场施工碳排放共 32.71 kgCO2 e/m2,由钢构件吊装、焊接、螺栓固定、防腐和防火处理构成,相应碳排放量分别为0.65 kgCO2e/m2、1.02 kgCO2e/m2、6.75 kgCO2e/m2、3.83 kgCO2e/m2 和20.46 kgCO2 e/m2.以案例 1 为例,分析建筑总碳排放构成,表明其建材隐含碳排放占比11.7%～14.6%,建造碳排放占比 1.3%～1.6%;单位建筑面积建材隐含碳排放量 499.5 kgCO2 e/m2,其中钢结构构件、楼板、墙体碳排放占比分别为62.6%、15.3%、11.0%.研究为装配式钢结构建筑工程提供隐含碳排放计算的基础参数,并通过建筑碳排放构成分析及我国钢材工业低碳发展前景预测,评估钢结构工程的碳减排潜力.
Currently,some classrooms in academic buildings cannot meet the requirements of human thermal comfort and the distribution of people in classrooms is relatively dense,the risk of infection is unknown if there are infected people,so the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)is utilized to simulate the air distribution and thermal comfort in the classroom under different air supply parameters(changing the speed of air supply and angle of air supply),and the entropy weighting method is applied to assign weights to the thermal comfort index PMV and air blowing dissatisfaction rate DR,and the multi-objective optimization TOPSIS method is applied to rank different working conditions,the optimal combination of air supply parameters at a supply air temperature of 18℃is obtained as follows:while the air supply speed is 1m/s,and air supply Angle is 60°,the mean values of PMV and DR are 0.827 and 0.326.An improved infection risk model is applied to predict the infection risk for this working condition,and it is found that most of the droplets exhaled by infected persons gathered in the left area of the classroom,so the infection risk in this area is higher.
