ABSTRACT Ceria‐based catalysts were systematically investigated using multiscale characterization techniques on both powders and pellets, together with catalytic performance evaluation. A novel data‐driven framework based on polynomial regression models using two reduced principal component metrics, the surface‐electronic component model (SECM) and the compositional component model (CCM) to accurately predict T5% and T50%. SECM, governed by BET surface area, d 50 , Zr content, and electrical conductivity at 300°C ( σ 300 ), reached an optimum near zero, minimizing T5% to 338°C. CCM, mainly controlled by Ce content with contributions from d 50 and σ 350 , further reduced T5% to approximately 262°C, emphasizing the critical role of Ce‐driven oxygen mobility. These findings introduce SECM and CCM tuning as a novel strategy for enhancing soot oxidation performance. Thermomechanical simulations of a full‐scale ceria‐based diesel particulate filter confirmed its structural stability.
ABSTRACT A nanofiber of copper oxide on activated carbon (CuO/AC) was synthesized by mechanochemical process. X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), S BET , scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and optical analysis were applied for characterization the catalyst. The results indicated that the BET surface area of CuO/AC is 13 m 2 g −1 , zeta potential is −52.1 mV, electrical conductivity is 0.377 mS cm −1 , and energy of bandgap is 1.31 eV. A central composite experimental design technique combined with response surface methodology has been used to study the influence of various operating variables such as catalyst dose (0.5–2.5 g L −1 ), dye concentration (10–50 ppm), adsorption time (20–100 min), and irradiation time (30–150 min) on the photodegradation % of methylene blue dye in visible light. It was found through the analysis of variance that the quadratic polynomial models suggested provided good correlation of the data obtained, with a high value of the F ‐ratio (coded model—80.53; actual model—103.2) and R 2 adjusted >0.95.
ABSTRACT This study investigated the solubility of diphenoxylate in supercritical CO 2 with and without methanol as a cosolvent (2 and 4 mol%) at pressures of 170–410 bar and temperatures of 308–348 K. In pure supercritical CO 2 , solubility ranged from 0.21 × 10 −4 to 2.25 × 10 −4 , whereas methanol increased solubility to 1.08 × 10 −4 –5.47 × 10 −4 (2 mol%) and 1.42 × 10 −4 –8.06 × 10 −4 (4 mol%). The maximum solubility was obtained at 410 bar and 348 K with 4 mol% methanol, representing a 3.58‐fold enhancement over pure CO 2 . Semiempirical models and the Peng–Robinson equation of state successfully correlated solubility data, with the Garlapati (ii) and Jouyban models providing the best performance for binary and ternary systems, respectively.
ABSTRACT This study investigated the photo‐assisted adsorption optimization of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) on a TiO 2 –activated carbon composite using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) and artificial neural network (ANN) models. Characterization of the composite used Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), SEM, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and BET analysis to assess its properties. The developed quadratic BBD model was highly significant with an R 2 value of 0.9985 and p value less than 0.0001. The optimal conditions were determined to be pH 7.16, dosage 1.44 g/L and irradiation time 59.7 min and predicted a removal efficiency of 95.65%. The ANN model with an architecture of 3‐10‐1 provided satisfactory prediction performance results of R 2 = 0.9421 and root mean square error: 1.74. Kinetics and equilibrium studies showed that Freundlich model ( R 2 = 0.9960) provided a better fit than the Langmuir model ( R 2 = 0.9914) with an approximate maximum adsorption capacity of 22.15 mg/g. Additionally, the pseudo‐second‐order model best describes the kinetics of adsorption.
ABSTRACT This review examines the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid (LA) using ionic liquids (ILs). Their versatile physicochemical properties make ILs attractive solvents for chemical reactions. The effects of key parameters on biomass conversion to LA in IL‐based media are discussed. Functionalized ILs can serve as both solvents and catalysts. The role of ILs in biomass valorization for producing fuels and value‐added chemicals is considered within the framework of lignocellulosic biorefineries. The recyclability and reusability of ILs are also examined. Although ILs may be expensive and difficult to recycle, the development of low‐toxicity and reusable ILs is improving their sustainability and potential for large‐scale applications.
