The journal retracts the article titled “Universal Design for Learning for Children with ADHD” [...]
BACKGROUND:Adolescent mental health is a global concern, with lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity (PA) playing a crucial role. While the Mediterranean Diet adherence (MDA) is known for its neuroprotective benefits on mental health, the mechanisms by which they are related remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the associations between MDA, PA, and screen time (ST) with anxiety symptoms, depression, stress, and total psychological distress in Chilean adolescents; and (2) to determine whether PA mediates the relationship between MDA and anxiety symptoms. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted with 322 Chilean school-aged adolescents 158 males and 164 females (14.98 ± 1.96 years). Mental health outcomes (depression, anxiety, and stress) and lifestyle behaviors, including MDA, PA, and ST, were comprehensively assessed using validated self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS:After adjusting for age and sex, multiple linear regression models showed that higher MDA was significantly and inversely associated with anxiety (b = -0.23, p = 0.044), stress (b = -0.25, p = 0.022), and total psychological distress (b = -0.72, p = 0.022). Conversely, ST was identified as a consistent risk factor, positively predicting higher levels of anxiety (b = 0.45, p = 0.008), stress (b = 0.42, p = 0.008), and total distress (b = 1.11, p = 0.014). Furthermore, PA was inversely linked to anxiety (b = -0.35, p = 0.013) and successfully mediated the relationship between MDA and anxiety symptoms (Indirect Effect = -0.047, 95% CI: -0.10 to -0.01). No significant mediation effects were observed for depression or stress. CONCLUSIONS:The present study identifies robust inverse associations between MDA and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress in Chilean adolescents. A key finding is the specific pattern of relationships observed: while higher MDA is directly linked to lower levels of depression and stress, its association with anxiety is shared with levels of PA. Despite these findings, the cross-sectional nature of the study limits the establishment of causal relationships, and further longitudinal research is needed to confirm these directional pathways.
Sickle cell disease is the most common monogenetic disease worldwide and affects millions of children and adults. While supportive care practices have improved life expectancy, particularly in high income countries, sickle cell disease typically has adverse impact on quality of life and reduced life expectancy. As a result, patients and providers are increasingly seeking information regarding curative and transformative therapies and advocating for improved global access. This review will describe allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation eligibility, approaches to transplant, short and long-term outcomes and key supportive care considerations for providers who care for patients with sickle cell disease.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Pediatric obesity poses significant public health challenges and is associated with an increased risk of adult obesity. Healthcare professionals play an important role in providing patient-centered care; however, barriers to effective pediatric obesity management remain insufficiently explored in South Korea. METHODS:Eleven healthcare professionals managing pediatric obesity participated in focus group interviews. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Four main themes emerged: (1) the current status of pediatric obesity management, (2) clinical experiences and outcomes, (3) awareness of governmental policies, and (4) areas needing improvement. RESULTS:Participants described multiple barriers to pediatric obesity management, including limited clinical resources, time constraints, low awareness among patients and families, and perceived inadequacies in reimbursement policies. Participants also reported low treatment adherence and frequent dropout during follow-up care. Many participants reported limited awareness of governmental initiatives related to pediatric obesity management but expressed willingness to utilize such programs if they became more accessible and better integrated into clinical practice. CONCLUSION:The findings suggest that pediatric obesity management in South Korea may be influenced by structural, financial, and sociocultural barriers. Participants emphasized the need for improved multidisciplinary collaboration, greater institutional support, and increased accessibility of obesity-related programs and resources. Further comparative and context-specific studies may help inform tailored approaches to pediatric obesity management.
Background/objectives: Obesity is a multifactorial condition influenced by interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been widely linked to obesity risk, particularly the rs9939609 polymorphism, which is associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and adiposity. However, evidence in adolescents remains inconsistent, and lifestyle factors such as physical activity and diet may modify genetic risk. The objectives of this study were: (i) to examine the influence of environmental, genetic, physical activity, and dietary factors on the BMI and overweight-related variables of adolescents, and (ii) to assess the impact of the rs9939609 polymorphism in the FTO gene on these variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 206 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years. Body mass index (BMI), physical fitness, physical activity levels, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, mobile phone usage, and FTO rs9939609 genotyping from buccal swabs were collected. Results: No significant associations were found between the FTO genotype and BMI, or with physical activity, mobile phone usage and dietary habits. Boys showed higher physical fitness and physical activity levels than girls (p < 0.05). The only factor significantly associated with BMI was regular breakfast consumption: adolescents who habitually ate breakfast had a lower prevalence of overweight (χ2 = 7.98, p = 0.005). Conclusions: The rs9939609 polymorphism in the FTO gene was not associated with overweight in this adolescent cohort. The findings underscore the relevance of healthy behaviours, particularly regular breakfast consumption and physical activity, especially among boys, as factors potentially associated with lower prevalence of overweight during adolescence.
