Ovarian cancer is referred as impairment due to asymptomatic existence. It is task for oncologist because of its serious health conditions. Most cancer is a crew of illness which is caused by means of multiplication or increase of cells, i.e. in out of control and spread to different a part of the body. They additionally recognized as â€oeSilent killer†also refer as ‘Ovarian carcinoma’. It is a deadly disease mostly involved in women over 40 years of age or upto 55-64. It is the 6th common tumor. In 20’s and 30’s of age it is exceedingly rare to occur. Some studies recognize that, now a day’s pregnant ladies also diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Adnexal tumor is identified in most of the cases. They show that malignancy is rising in the course of pregnancy. In every year, more than 200,000 new instances are identified. Ovarian cancer often goes undetected until it has spread within the pelvis and stomach. At that last stage, it is more difficult to treat and can be fatal. Because ovarian cancer has no symptoms in the early stage’s treatment will be delayed. Its treatment will depend on stages. Surgery and chemotherapy are generally used to treat ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy was done by administration of 6 cycles of intravenous with Carboplatin and Paclitaxel along with radiation therapy and also some other drugs which used in the treatment are Metformin, Bevacizumab. Novel targeted therapies are the advanced treatment for screening and understanding of ovarian cancer. In targeted therapies mainly Nanotechnology based drugs are developed for reduction of toxicity and side effects. The article aims to analyse the recent studies and review on general information such as epidemiology, symptoms, risk factors, early detection, imaging or screening, diagnosis, staging, prevention, management and recent studies. The paper also aims to provide insight into the quality-of-life concerns of ovarian cancer patients such as how the treatment will affect the patient, how they survive, support services, society and also discuss about how the current situation COVID-19 will affect the patients.
Endothelin is a 21 amino acid molecule endogenous potent vasoconstrictor peptide. Endothelin is synthesized in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as well as in neural, renal, pulmonic, and inflammatory cells. It acts through a seven transmembrane endothelin receptor A (ETA) and endothelin receptor B (ETB) receptors belongs to G protein-coupled rhodopsin-type receptor superfamily. This peptide involved in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorder like (heart failure, arterial hypertension, myocardial infraction and atherosclerosis), renal failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension and it also involved in pathogenesis of cancer. Potentially endothelin receptor antagonist helps the treatment of the above disorder. Currently, there are a lot of trails both per-clinical and clinical on endothelin antagonist for various cardiovascular, pulmonary and cancer disorder. Some are approved by FAD for the treatment. These agents are including both selective and non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist (ETA/B). Currently, Bosentan, Ambrisentan, and Macitentan approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The aim of this review is to introduce endothelin system and its antagonist drugs with their detail pharmacological and pharmacokinetics profile.
The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) posted a devastating global health crisis for almost a year already. Very little is known about this virus that scientists, physicians and the medical community struggled to find treatments of this novel virus. The vaccine that can potentially combat this virus is still an unknown reality hence, the repurposing of existing medical treatments such as chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) could be a possible treatment and is being widely utilized. CPM is a safe and effective antihistamine with potent antiviral activity against various strains of influenza A/B, thus highlighting its great antiviral potential. We tested the virucidal potential of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) in a nasal spray composition currently in development as an anti-allergy medication. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a droplet mode transmission with a notably high viral load in the upper respiratory tract, especially the nose. Several studies had already postulated that the nose is possibly the primary route of entry of SARS-CoV-2 owing to the high expression of Angiotensin 2 converting enzyme receptors. We hypothesize that utilizing (CPM) nasal spray as an adjunct treatment to COVID-19 positive patients and reduce their clinical course and hasten their time to negativization via RT-PCR via nasopharyngeal swab. We present a series of four symptomatic patients with mild-moderate risks. CPM nasal spray was added to their current supportive treatment. All four patients showed rapid improvement of their clinical symptoms with a shorter than average time to negativization on repeat nasopharyngeal swab via RT-PCR. No safety issues were encountered during the course of treatment. Given its years of excellent safety profile with remarkable clinical results as shown in this case series, we conclude that CPM nasal spray may be a potential adjunct treatment option in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms.
