Abstract Metaphors and metonymies are pervasive in daily language. This study investigates metaphoric and metonymic types in online football news articles and their implicit ideologies. Drawing on the Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy Theory and Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, twenty online football news articles were purposively sampled from BBC Sports and Sky Sports and analysed systematically using the Metaphor Identification Procedure by the Pragglejaz Group. The findings revealed the use of six conceptual metaphors and three conceptual metonymies in the framing of football news. The paper argues that these types present football ideologically as commemorating personal achievement, standardising ideological frameworks, projecting national identity, and commodifying players. The study extends knowledge on cognitive semantics and new media studies.
Abstract Although all sensory modalities are grounded in embodied experience, English shows a strong tendency towards visual lexicalisation, with visual vocabulary extending beyond literal perception through recurrent contrasts such as dark/light and clear/obscured . These patterns are typically analysed in terms of conceptual metaphors such as KNOWLEDGE IS LIGHT and IGNORANCE IS DARKNESS. This study instead examines the image-schematic organisation of the visual expressions associated with such conceptual metaphors. Drawing on the Extended Conceptual Metaphor Theory (ECMT), the study analyses visual expressions across different contextual uses, identifying two co-occurring scalar dimensions of their metaphorical construal: accessibility and perceptual specification. The analysis shows that these dimensions are organised by the complementary image-schematic structures SOURCE-PATH-GOAL and CAUSES ARE FORCES. Together, these structures organise recurrent patterns of contextual metaphorical meaning across sensory, affective, epistemic, and cognitive domains, including cases where visual experience is construed through non-visual sensory vocabulary.
Abstract This article focuses on emotion expressions which are based on a body part term in the Srenge language of Papua New Guinea. These expressions make use of either the word apee ‘stomach’ or the word wanə ‘heart, chest’: for the most part, the first of these denotes other-oriented emotions such as anger and the second of these self-oriented emotions such as happiness, although the correlation is far from perfect. In the last part of the article, I show the difficulties in finding a correlate in Srenge of the semantic prime feel as proposed in the Natural Semantic Metalanguage. I conclude by suggesting that these findings be supplemented with ethnographic data on the cultural correlates of these emotion expressions in Srenge society.
Abstract This paper reassesses experiential correlation, a foundational construct in Conceptual Metaphor Theory, by addressing two persistent asymmetries: the marginalization of resemblance in metaphor research and the neglect of correlation as a motivator for metonymy. We argue for a dual thesis: (a) experiential correlation alone may be insufficient to license conceptual metaphor, requiring high-level resemblance, understood as an abstract evaluative similarity between source and target experiences, to achieve cognitive coherence; and (b) experiential correlation provides essential grounding for a broad range of conceptual metonymies, particularly situational and causal patterns such as EFFECT FOR CAUSE and CAUSE FOR EFFECT. Analyzing domains including verticality, temperature, size, weight, motion, and brightness, we show that high-level resemblance is a necessary licensing factor for correlation-based metaphors. We further indicate that causal metonymies operate systematically in hypallage, synesthesia, lexical-constructional integration, and metaphorical amalgams. These findings support a unified embodied account of metaphor and metonymy within Cognitive Linguistics.
