This study was conducted to ascertain how display-dependent timing differences translate into changes in pattern-reversal visual evoked potential (PR-VEP) P100 peak time distributions, using physical measurements, controlled benchmark data, and large-scale routine clinical recordings with cathode ray tube (CRT) and liquid crystal display (LCD) systems. We analyzed PR-VEP recordings acquired before and after a routine transition from CRT to LCD systems. The study integrated three complementary data sources: photodiode measurements of trigger-to-luminance delay, a benchmark dataset of 10 healthy participants, and a retrospective clinical dataset comprising 1772 waveforms from 915 examinations. Cross-sectional peak time distributions and within-eye paired comparisons were evaluated. Mean trigger-to-luminance delay under the LCD conditions was 13.7 ms. Corresponding prolongation of P100 peak time was observed in the benchmark dataset. In the clinical dataset, the P100 peak time distribution showed a rightward shift (mean difference 12.1 ms, 95
The 35th International Pupil Colloquium was held virtually on July 23–24, 2026, and hosted by the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Continuing a 60-year tradition of multidisciplinary collaboration, the colloquium brought together researchers from diverse clinical and scientific disciplines to showcase innovative research and emerging discoveries. Twenty accepted abstracts were presented across four scientific sessions, covering melanopsin-driven pupil responses in psychopathology, novel translational applications of pupillography, pupillary testing in visual pathway disorders, pupil oscillations in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, and virtual-reality-based pupil testing. The Loewenfeld Lecture, Pupillary Reactions During the State of Unconsciousness, delivered by Dr. Merlin Larson (University of California, San Francisco), provided a compelling review of the clinical application of hand-held pupillometry in anesthesiology. The colloquium also featured the inaugural mini-symposium, in which leading researchers shared their expertise and perspectives on emerging topics in pupil research, and the Best Trainee Presentation Award to recognize and encourage the next generation of pupil researchers. In addition, participants discussed the ongoing revision of the Standards in Pupillography, including an ISCEV-guided procedural standard and a companion review. The meeting highlighted the continued growth of pupil research while recognizing the need to further strengthen its clinical relevance and broader scientific impact.
To report a female patient with genetically confirmed X-linked Alport syndrome (AS) presenting with progressive retinal thinning and giant macular hole formation. A 28-year-old woman with a history of bilateral LASIK surgery was referred for evaluation of bilateral progressive maculopathy. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and full-field and multifocal electroretinography (ERG), were performed. Targeted next-generation sequencing of COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 genes was performed. At presentation, decimal best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.7 in the right eye (OD) and 1.2 in the left eye (OS). The patient had no hearing loss or family history of renal or ocular disease. OCT revealed bilateral retinal thinning. During follow-up, progressive thinning of all retinal layers was observed, and a macular hole developed in OS, gradually enlarging from 546 µm at age 34 to a giant macular hole measuring 1684 µm in minimum diameter at age 39. At 37 years of age, full-field ERG demonstrated preserved rod system function with mild cone system dysfunction, and multifocal ERG showed significantly reduced macular responses bilaterally. Genetic testing identified a novel de novo heterozygous COL4A5 variant (p.Gly775Val), classified as pathogenic, confirming X-linked AS. X-linked AS may present with progressive diffuse macular thinning and giant macular hole formation even in female patients without hearing loss or a family history. AS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained bilateral macular thinning and giant macular hole in women.
To present an automated method for computing the position of the RETeval skin sensor electrode and the iris color ratio (ICratio) from infrared eye images extracted from RETeval recording files. Infrared eye images were extracted from .RFF binary files recorded in 19 healthy young participants (mean age 10.6 years, range 5.0–15.8; 7 male, 12 female) using the RETeval 6-step Light First Troland ISCEV protocol. A multilabel deep learning segmentation model (SegFormer) was trained to delineate six ocular structures: pupil, iris/limbus, corneal reflex, visible white bulbar area, electrode, and inner lens ring. Electrode position was quantified as the signed displacement vector from the corneal reflex centroid to the electrode arc-contact point (Pₑ), decomposed into horizontal (dx) and vertical (dy) components in millimeters. The iris color ratio (ICratio) was derived from the segmentation masks as the mean gray level of the iris annular ring divided by the median gray level of the dark pupil, with corneal reflex pixels excluded. The segmentation model achieved a mean validation Dice coefficient of 0.971 across the six classes on a held-out recording session. Infrared images (n = 271) were extracted from 19 participants (38 eyes); 67 (24.7
To report a case of supernormal electroretinogram (ERG) observed after non-Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (nDSAEK) in a patient with bullous keratopathy, monitored longitudinally with flicker ERG and OCT. A woman in her 70s underwent nDSAEK for bullous keratopathy. Postoperative retinal function was evaluated serially using full-field flicker ERG recorded with the RETeval system, together with macular OCT when feasible. On postoperative day 4, flicker ERG in the operated eye showed a prolonged implicit time (34.4 ms vs. 31.9 ms) and a markedly increased amplitude (31.4 μV vs. 19.2 μV) compared with the fellow eye. Macular OCT could not be obtained at that time. At the 3-week postoperative visit, OCT revealed cystoid macular edema (CME), and the flicker ERG amplitude was further increased with a slightly shorter implicit time. With topical nepafenac, CME gradually regressed and resolved by 1 year, accompanied by improvement in best-corrected visual acuity to 1.0; the flicker ERG amplitude and implicit time returned to levels comparable to those of the fellow eye. This case illustrates that transiently increased ERG amplitude accompanied by subtle prolongation of implicit time may occur following nDSAEK and could be associated with postoperative intraocular inflammation and CME. Serial RETeval-based flicker ERG may be useful for monitoring perioperative inflammatory responses after endothelial keratoplasty.
