Introduction. The integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems with electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure requires intelligent energy management strategies capable of handling nonlinear dynamics, fluctuating irradiance conditions, and variable load demands. Advanced predictive control techniques are essential to ensure stable, efficient, and adaptive system operation under real-world conditions. Problem. Conventional maximum power point tracking and control approaches often suffer from slow transient response, steady-state oscillations, and reduced tracking performance during rapid environmental changes, limiting their effectiveness in dynamic renewable-integrated charging systems. Goal. To develop a predictive-adaptive intelligent energy management framework that improves dynamic response, tracking accuracy, and overall efficiency for PV-battery integrated EV charging applications. Methodology. A hybrid control architecture combining bidirectional long short-term memory predictive modeling with particle swarm optimization is proposed. The framework integrates real-time data acquisition, signal preprocessing, machine learning-based prediction, and optimization-driven adaptive duty-cycle control to regulate power flow between PV generation, battery storage, grid interaction, and EV load. Results. Simulation results demonstrate significant performance improvements compared with conventional controllers, including tracking accuracy of approximately 99.5–99.7 %, system efficiency of about 98.2 %, reduction in settling time from approximately 0.42 s to 0.18 s, and steady-state ripple reduction from about ±2.5 % to nearly ±0.5 %. Scientific novelty. The proposed work introduces a unified predictive-adaptive framework that integrates deep learning-based temporal prediction with evolutionary optimization, enabling real-time adaptive control in renewable-integrated EV charging systems. Practical value. The developed framework enhances operational stability, energy utilization efficiency, and battery management performance, supporting practical deployment in smart EV charging infrastructure and intelligent renewable energy systems. References 22, tables 4, figures 9.
Problem. Most research on the design of nonlinear electromechanical systems for spatial stabilization of moving object equipment is carried out using typical proportional-differential controllers, with which it is possible to satisfy the stringent ever-increasing requirements for specific cases that are presented to such systems. But to design modern universal spatial stabilization systems for a wide class of moving objects operating in various modes, it is necessary to apply a multi-criteria design methodology, which does not exist today. Goal. To develop the methodology of multi objective design of robust nonlinear electromechanical spatial stabilization systems for wide class moving object equipment. Methodology. The problem of multi objective design of robust nonlinear electromechanical spatial stabilization systems for wide class moving object equipment according to robust-quality criteria based on the choosing of weight matrices in the robust control target vector. The calculation of the target vector is performed based on the solution of the zero-sum vector game. The components of the game payoff vector are variable quality indicators that are applied to the system operation in different modes. The calculation of the components of payoff vector game are performed based on the simulation of the initial nonlinear electromechanical system closed by the synthesized robust controllers in different operating modes and under various external influences and variations in the parameters of the uncertainty of the initial plant. In the process of iteratively calculating the solution of a matrix game, it is necessary to repeatedly solved two Riccati equations for control and observation for given values of the weight matrices, with the help of which the robust control target vector is calculated. The vector game solution is calculated using a metaheuristic optimization algorithm based on the behavior of blood-sucking leeches. Results. The results of multi objective design of robust nonlinear electromechanical spatial stabilization systems for aircraft, marine and ground moving object equipment are given. Based on the results of modeling and experimental studies it is established, that with the help of synthesized robust controllers, it is possible to reduce the time of transient processes by more then 2 -3 times of nonlinear electromechanical spatial stabilization systems for moving object equipment in comparison with the system with typical regulators. Scientific novelty. For the first time the methodology of multi objective design of robust nonlinear electromechanical spatial stabilization systems for wide class moving object equipment is developed. Practical value. From the point of view of the practical implementation the possibility of solving the problem of multi objective design of robust nonlinear electromechanical spatial stabilization systems for wide class moving object equipment is shown. References 45, figures 9.
Introduction. The hydrothermal scheduling problem is one of the important problems in the economic operation of power systems, which aims to determine the optimal production schedule of hydro and thermal power plants with the lowest fuel cost and observing all operating constraints. The existence of nonlinear relationships, time dependence between variables, the structure of cascaded reservoir system, hydraulic constraints and large search space make solving this problem an important challenge in the field of power system optimization. Problem. In this problem, the operation schedule of hydro and thermal power plants must be determined in such a way that in addition to meeting power demand, the constraints related to power balance, production limits, outlet flow limits, reservoir volume, water delay and hydraulic continuity are also fully observed. These features cause the problem to be placed in the group of nonlinear constrained optimization problems. Goal. To provide an efficient method to solve the hydrothermal scheduling problem and achieve an optimal operating plan with minimum production cost. Methodology. In this research, an improved version of the teaching-learning-based optimization (ITLBO) algorithm is introduced to solve this problem. In the proposed method, a small and controlled random perturbation is added to both the teacher and learner phases to maintain population diversity, reduce the probability of early convergence, and increase the search power of the algorithm. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on a standard system consisting of 4 hydro power plants and 1 equivalent thermal power plant. Results. The results show that ITLBO is able to produce a valid operating plan for the hydrothermal scheduling problem by fully respecting all model constraints and increasing the value of the objective function to 1383011. Also, the performance of this method has been compared with 7 algorithms: genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), gravitational search algorithm (GSA), multi-verse optimizer (MVO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA). The comparison results show that ITLBO, by obtaining the best values of mean, median and standard, along with the first rank, provides the best solution quality and the highest stability among all the algorithms studied. Scientific novelty. The providing an ITLBO and its effective application to solve the hydrothermal scheduling problem along with a comprehensive evaluation and comparison with 7 competing algorithms. Practical value. The findings show that ITLBO is an efficient, stable and reliable method for solving the hydrothermal scheduling problem and can reduce the operating cost of power systems and increase the economic efficiency of power networks. References 34, tables 7, figures 2.
Introduction. Inductive energy storage with a plasma opening switch is an important electrical device that provides fast interruption of high currents with subsequent induction of high voltage. These devices are widely used in accelerator technology to produce high-current electron beams. Problem. To increase the voltage multiplication factor on a small-sized direct-action electron accelerator, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of inductive energy storage with a plasma opening switch. For this purpose, the installation was modernized by updating the electrical equipment, which led to the need to determine new output characteristics of inductive energy storage with a plasma opening switch: the rate of change of current and its amplitude during opening and thus increasing the voltage multiplication factor. The opening process depends on many electrical parameters of the installation, which requires determining their influence on its dynamics. Goal. To increase the efficiency of inductive energy storage with a plasma opening switch by increasing the speed of its opening by changing the electrophysical parameters of the DIN-2K accelerator. Methodology. A method for determining the induced voltage from experimental current waveforms is proposed. The method is confirmed by the results of measurements with a capacitive voltage divider with an error of less than 20 %. Results. The opening speed of inductive energy storage with a plasma opening switch has been increased by 80 % by expanding the operating voltage range and the conditions for reliable opening have been determined. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the conditions for reliable opening of inductive energy storage with a plasma opening switch have been determined. For the first time, the influence of electrophysical parameters of the accelerator, which contribute to an increase in the opening speed and, as a result, an increase in the voltage multiplication factor, has been determined. For the first time, the necessary threshold values of the opening speed have been determined, which allowed to ensure reliable formation of explosive electron emission. Practical value. A method for determining the induced voltage is proposed by experimentally establishing the change in current during opening of inductive energy storage with a plasma opening switch and the inductance of the discharge circuit, which made it possible to free the chamber volume from the capacitive voltage divider and to implement the unhindered flow of the entire sequence of physical processes. Practical recommendations are proposed on how to increase the rate of current change during the opening of inductive energy storage with a plasma opening switch by changing the electrical parameters of the accelerator discharge circuits: discharge voltage, inductance, and number of plasma guns. References 48, figures 13.
Introduction. Power cables with cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation have significant advantages over traditional oil-filled ones, which have led to their widespread use in high-power electrical networks of all developed countries. However, such cables are increasingly forced to operate under conditions of non-sinusoidal voltages caused by the use of non-linear loads and powerful high-frequency converters of electricity parameters. Problem. Non-sinusoidal voltages and currents in power networks increase nonlinear dielectric losses in XLPE cable insulation, and also intensify the processes of accumulation of space charges (SCs) in the insulation and electromechanical loads near its micro-defects (in particular, water micro-trees) and the occurrence of destructive partial discharges (PDs), which can accelerate the degradation processes of XLPE insulation. All these processes require attention during testing and operation of cables. Goal. To clarify the influence of higher harmonic voltage components on local electric field amplification and Maxwell electromechanical pressures near water micro-inclusions and trees in high-voltage cross-linked polyethylene insulation of power cables. Methodology. The use of the finite element method to determine the dependences of the EF strength distribution, stressed volume, and Maxwell pressure on the geometric characteristics of micro-defects and their location, which affect the EF amplification in XLPE cable insulation under the action of non-sinusoidal power supply voltages. Results. The analysis of the main mechanisms and factors that accelerate the degradation of XLPE cable insulation under the influence of non-sinusoidal voltages has been carried out: an increase in dielectric losses, PDs intensity, distortion of accumulated SCs, acceleration of the development of water trees, the occurrence of higher harmonics and resonant overvoltage. The dependence of the maximum EF strengths and force effects in XLPE cable insulation on the configuration, mutual arrangement and orientation of micro-inclusions relative to the EF was determined. Scientific novelty. The development of the theory of the force influence of non-sinusoidal EF on the electromechanical degradation of the cross-linked polyethylene insulation of power cables based on the establishment of relationships between the configuration features and mutual arrangement of micro-defects and local field amplifications, which leads to an increase in local stressed volumes and Maxwell pressures in the cross-linked polyethylene insulation. Practical value. The obtained results are useful for estimating the stressed volume and Maxwell pressures in the XLPE insulation caused by more complex configurations and mutual arrangement of micro-defects in the insulation of power cables under the influence of non-sinusoidal voltage. References 31, figures 6.
