Both muscle mass and strength relate to metabolic health, but their separate contributions to metabolic syndrome (MetS) are unclear. Using the 2024 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) with concurrent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)–based appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and handgrip strength (HGS), we examined the independent associations of relative muscle mass and HGS with MetS in Korean adults aged ≥40 years. We analyzed 3033 adults from KNHANES. ASM/body weight (ASM/BW) and HGS/body weight (relative HGS) served as primary indicators. Participants were classified into four groups by sex-specific medians of both indicators, and complex-sample logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) for MetS with both indicators entered simultaneously. In the fully adjusted joint model, ASM/BW was inversely associated with MetS in men (OR 0.79, 95
We evaluated the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women hospitalised with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and examined the association between clinical and laboratory parameters and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). This retrospective observational study included 32 pregnant women managed for DKA between May 2019 and December 2025 at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, comparing those admitted to the ICU with those who were not. The association of arterial pH and serum bicarbonate with ICU admission was examined using ROC analysis and logistic regression, and biochemical severity markers were compared between pregnancies with and without DKA-related adverse outcomes. Given the sample size, all inferential analyses were regarded as exploratory. Twenty women (62.5
Sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are increasingly prescribed to women of reproductive age for type 2 diabetes and cardiorenal protection, and are commonly continued through the periconceptional period until pregnancy is recognized. Human safety data on inadvertent first-trimester exposure remain scarce, creating substantial clinical uncertainty. We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL from inception to 15 May 2026 for observational cohort studies comparing early-pregnancy or preconception exposure to SGLT2 inhibitors with active antidiabetic comparators among women with type 2 diabetes. Adjusted risk ratios (RRs) were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Three cohorts, including 669 SGLT2 inhibitor-exposed pregnancies, were eligible. In the prespecified insulin-comparator analysis, SGLT2 inhibitor exposure was not associated with major congenital malformations (RR 0.94, 95
Pregnancy provides an opportunity to identify young women at risk of future cardiometabolic diseases. We aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, and to assess haemodynamic profiles in early pregnancy. We recruited pregnant women at Lyell McEwin Hospital before 16 weeks’ gestation. Haemodynamic parameters were measured using USCOM BP+ device. Blood glucose, lipid profile, liver and renal function were assessed. We included data from 264 women aged 19–44 years in the analyses. MetS was defined using the Harmonizing the MetS criteria. The prevalence of MetS was 15.1
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy in which much of the long-term morbidity relates to chronic hypercalcemia. Conventional survival analyses treat deaths from causes other than the cancer as censoring events, which can distort estimates of cause-specific risk. We applied competing-risk methodology to characterize cause-specific mortality and to determine whether distinct clinical factors differentially influence cancer-specific and cardiovascular/renal mortality. Patients with malignant parathyroid carcinoma (primary site C75.0) were identified from the SEER Research Data, 17 Registries, November 2023 submission (2000–2021). Cause-specific, cardiovascular/renal, and other-cause deaths were defined a priori as competing events. Cumulative incidence functions were estimated using the Aalen–Johansen estimator, compared with Gray’s test, and modeled with Fine–Gray subdistribution hazard regression, adjusting for age, sex, race, and stage. Among 656 patients (median follow-up, 86 months), 213 died: 61 (9.3
