Aquatic ecosystems face increasing pressure from the co‑occurrence of agrochemicals and engineered nanoparticles, posing significant toxicological risks. Glufosinate‑ammonium (GA) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP) are environmentally persistent contaminants whose combined effects on fish physiology remain poorly understood. Here, adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to graded concentrations of GA, CuO-NP, and their mixtures for 7, 14, and 21 days. A suite of biomarkers was assessed, including protein content, antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative stress indicators, apoptosis markers, and vitellogenin. Early responses involved depletion of protein reserves and activation of antioxidant defenses, reflecting an initial attempt to preserve cellular homeostasis. With prolonged exposure, oxidative stress intensified, apoptosis became persistent, and protein reserves failed to recover, indicating progression toward sustained cellular stress. Vitellogenin induction was consistently observed in males, indicating sex‑specific endocrine disruption, while females remained largely unaffected. IBRv2 analysis reflected these dynamics, with transient reductions early and pronounced elevations at later stages. Joint effect evaluation revealed synergistic toxicity in GA + CuO-NP groups, where biomarker scores and IBR indices exceeded single exposures, amplifying both biochemical strain and endocrine imbalance. These findings demonstrate that mixture effects are dynamic and cannot be predicted from single‑agent exposures, underscoring the importance of incorporating contaminant interactions into ecological risk assessment.
In this study, a novel magnetic Ag/Fe3O4@PC nanocomposite was successfully fabricated by immobilizing biosynthesized silver nanoparticles onto an Fe3O4/porous carbon (Fe3O4@PC) support derived from the iron-based metal–organic framework MIL-88B(Fe), using onion peel extract as a green reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized nanocomposite was comprehensively characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, N2 adsorption–desorption, FTIR, VSM, and TGA analyses, confirming the successful formation of a mesoporous magnetic catalyst with uniformly dispersed Ag nanoparticles. The catalyst exhibited a specific surface area of 161 m2 g−1 and a saturation magnetization of 61 emu g−1, enabling rapid magnetic separation after the catalytic reaction. Under the optimized reaction conditions, approximately 96
Eco-Friendly Ductile Cementitious Composites (EDCCs) are a new type of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) that consist of lower amount of cement and a higher amount of fly ash resulting in superior ductility. In steel-making furnaces, a secondary product is formed because of the induction process which is Steel Slag (SS) and it is called an induction furnace steel slag. This study explores the characteristics of fresh and hardened ECC made with SS. To minimize the usage of natural resources such as River Sand (RS), a partial replacement material from industrial by-products is considered. The reuse of SS as a partial replacement material for RS with 5
Developing sustainable and high-performance adsorbents for heavy metal removal remains a major environmental challenge. In this study, sugarcane bagasse was valorized into activated carbon (AC–SCB) through a low-temperature sulfuric acid activation process, providing an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbent for wastewater treatment. The prepared material exhibited a mesoporous structure with a specific surface area of 251.7 ± 12 m2/g and abundant oxygen-containing surface functionalities, promoting strong interactions with metal ions. The novelty of this work lies in the comparative investigation of Cr(VI) and Co(II) adsorption under identical experimental conditions, combined with statistical and machine-learning modeling approaches. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated excellent removal efficiencies of 99.14 ± 0.12
