Urban air pollution has become a critical governance challenge for many developing cities, where sustained air quality improvement depends not only on pollution-control capacity but also on durable public participation and financial support. Building on Cultural Additivity Theory (CAT), this study employs Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics with a Bayesian cumulative ordinal logistic specification to investigate how environmental perceptions, adaptive behavior, and household financial capacity are associated with household willingness to pay (WTP) for urban air quality improvement, using survey data from 604 households in Hanoi, Vietnam. The results show that household income, perceived pollution urgency, perceived pollution impact, and avoidance behavior are positively associated with higher WTP. More importantly, the positive associations of perceived pollution urgency and avoidance behavior with WTP are more pronounced at higher household income levels, indicating that these environmental orientations are more closely associated with higher contribution preferences at greater levels of financial capacity. These findings suggest that household WTP reflects a differentiated decision process in which environmental engagement and material circumstances jointly correspond to stated financial contribution rather than operating as isolated determinants. This study makes three contributions. First, it extends CAT into behavioral environmental economics by distinguishing environmental value formation from its expression in stated financial contribution and revealing within-decision differentiation across environmental attributes. Second, it extends the application of BMF analytics to payment card WTP data through a Bayesian cumulative ordinal logistic specification that supports posterior and probability-based interpretation. Third, it provides evidence for designing clean air governance that combines locally relevant risk communication and behaviorally informed public engagement with flexible participation arrangements that recognize heterogeneous household financial capacity.
Lichen transplantation can reveal spatial variation in biological responses across urban environments, but visible vitality cannot identify specific pollutants. We transplanted the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes from a presumed lower-impact forest area to 20 sites in Jelgava, Latvia and assessed its visible condition monthly for 243 days. The primary endpoint was first-observed necrosis; discoloration was retained as a descriptive secondary state. Thirteen primary transplants developed necrosis, first detected between days 62 and 215. One transplant was right-censored at day 123 after pruning, and six had no observed necrosis by day 243. Kaplan–Meier analysis gave a median time to first-observed necrosis of 184 days (20 primary transplants; 13 events; and 7 censored). A descriptive Urban Stress Index summarized event timing for 19 sites with complete follow-up. Correlations between this index and land-use proportions were statistically non-significant. Exploratory correlations with co-located winter snow Pb and Zn concentrations were negative, contrary to a simple metal-toxicity interpretation. The observed necrosis may reflect altered environmental conditions after transplantation rather than metal accumulation; absent concurrent air and thallus chemistry, microcli-mate measurements, and site replication, pollutant-source attribution is precluded. The approach is therefore best used for exploratory spatial screening and hypothesis generation.
Effective conservation of tropical forests under sustained anthropogenic pressure requires reliable, up-to-date knowledge of species presence, yet local ecological knowledge (LEK), camera trapping (CT), and passive acoustic recording (PAR) are rarely compared and used jointly against the same species list at the same site, simultaneously. Kibale National Park (KNP) in Uganda is a well-known biodiversity hotspot and the local culture is deeply shaped by wildlife, with social life and cultural identity rooted in a system of clans and totems. Sebitoli, in the northern sector of KNP, was logged in the 1970s and was part of a park-wide census in 2005. We used the three approaches for 54 vertebrate taxa (32 mammals, 15 birds, 7 reptiles) in this regenerating forest patch twenty years after. Over six months, from 1 February to 30 July 2025, 20 paired camera-trap/acoustic-recorder stations using automated deep-learning classifiers to detect species from camera-trap footage and audio recordings were combined with a structured LEK survey of 34 local research and conservation staff. The 2005 park-wide census provides a historical reference for interpreting present-day detections, although differences in survey design and metrics preclude direct inference about changes in density or abundance. All seven taxa for which non-zero density estimates were reported in Sebitoli in 2005 were detected by at least one method in the present study, the endangered elephants and chimpanzees being among the most frequently detected by the three methods. Camera trapping also detected African golden cat Caracal aurata and African Buffalo Syncerus caffer, which were not recorded during the 2005 transects. No single method captured the full community: CT and PAR combined detected 61% of taxa within their joint taxonomic scope, against 50% for the best single sensor, while LEK alone returned a non-zero score for all 54 species, including every reptile and most taxa currently outside classifier coverage. LEK-sensor correlation weakened substantially once classifier scope was accounted for (ρ = 0.29–0.30), and naming consensus among respondents tracked visual familiarity rather than totemic or cultural salience. Our findings show the detections of species rare or absent twenty years before and highlight how integrating LEK, CT, and PAR can provide a broader and more complementary assessment of biodiversity than any single monitoring approach.
This study develops an interpretable and validated XGBoost–SHAP framework integrating multisource geospatial data and historical flood observations, with model performance evaluated using independent validation and future projections driven by bias-corrected CMIP6 climate scenarios to characterize the spatiotemporal variations and contributions of flood driving factors across three regions of Kazakhstan (2000–2025). The results demonstrate pronounced spatial differences in flood-driving factors: delayed snowmelt coupled with orographic rainfall dominates flood variability in the mountainous Almaty Region; hydrological memory effects regulate flood responses in the Akmola plains; and socioeconomic exposure shows an increasing contribution to flood risk evolution in Turkestan. Future multi-scenario simulations indicate that the flood-affected area in the Almaty Region is projected to increase by 10.8% under SSP2-4.5, which is associated with enhanced snowmelt processes, whereas the Akmola Region may experience a 23.2% reduction under SSP5-8.5, which is associated with changes in evaporation–soil moisture interactions. The interaction between socioeconomic development and natural hazards results in divergent risk trajectories: urban expansion in Akmola and Turkestan may offset declining hydroclimatic hazards, creating a potential risk paradox, whereas mountainous regions remain sensitive to concurrent increases in hazard intensity and exposure. These findings indicate that flood risk evolution in the studied regions of arid Central Asia is being increasingly influenced by socioeconomic dynamics in addition to natural hazards, highlighting the importance of differentiated adaptive planning strategies.
Microplastic contamination has become a major environmental health concern because of its widespread occurrence and potential risks to human health. Although environmental health literacy (EHL) is recognized as an important determinant of health-related decision-making, evidence regarding its influence on behaviors that reduce potential microplastic exposure remains limited, particularly in riverine communities of developing countries. This study assessed EHL, environmental health behaviors associated with potential microplastic exposure, and factors associated with these behaviors among urban residents living along the Mekong River in Thailand. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 adults in Mueang Nakhon Phanom District, Thailand, between October and December 2024 using multistage random sampling. Face-to-face interviews were performed using a content-validated questionnaire assessing six EHL domains and environmental health behaviors related to microplastic exposure. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with poor environmental health behaviors. Overall, 41.7% of participants demonstrated good environmental health behaviors, whereas 58.3% exhibited poor behaviors. Participants had a moderate level of EHL (mean score, 2.30 ± 0.46), with decision-making representing the weakest domain. Insufficient EHL was strongly associated with poor environmental health behaviors (AOR = 8.06, 95% CI: 2.86–10.04; p < 0.001). Additional factors associated with poor environmental health behaviors included consumption of untreated river or other water sources, no physician visit during the previous month, age older than 60 years, and obtaining aquatic foods through self-capture, whereas trade occupation was associated with lower odds of poor behaviors. These findings support community-based EHL programs led by local authorities and public health practitioners that strengthen critical appraisal and decision-making skills, provide accessible and evidence-based information on microplastic risks, and promote practical actions such as reducing single-use plastics and improving household waste management.
The pollution of soil by potentially toxic elements in industrial–agricultural transition zones threatens global food security and public health owing to their persistence and bioaccumulation. This study focused on Miyi County, Sichuan (China), a typical region with intensive vanadium–titanium magnetite mining and modern agriculture, and systematically analyzed eight heavy metals and metalloids (Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni) across the categories of atmospheric deposition, irrigation water, agricultural inputs, and soil–crop systems. A rigorous four-stage full-chain diagnosis (concentration–load–ecology–health) was executed to evaluate pollution levels and pathways. The single-factor pollution index identified cadmium (Cd) as the primary pollutant, exhibiting a maximum index of 32.63. The Håkanson potential ecological risk index (RI) demonstrated that Cd was the absolute dominant contributor, reaching a catastrophic single-element risk factor (Ei) of 2191.8 and contributing over 70% to the comprehensive ecological risk. Spatially, soils displayed a distinct point-source cluster diffusion pattern: the northern metallurgical zone was dominated by a Cr-Zn-Cu-Ni industrial assemblage, while the southern zone was enriched in Cd, Pb, As, and Hg. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment quantitatively demonstrated that industrial emissions via atmospheric deposition were the primary driver, contributing 55–75% of the total soil exogenous inputs, while agricultural sources (livestock manure and legacy arsenic pesticides) exacerbated localized accumulation. While overlying irrigation water remained safe, channel sediments acted as historical pollution sinks. The human health risk model revealed that children in industrial core areas faced unacceptable carcinogenic hazards, with a lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) reaching 5.6 × 10−4. These highly specific multi-media findings support a macro spatial risk zoning and source interception strategy to decouple economic growth from regional food safety degradation in global transition economies.
Soils constitute a critical component of the Earth system, particularly in the context of a growing and progressively ageing global population [...]
Plastic pollution continues to threaten marine ecosystems and undermine efforts toward a circular economy. This study systematically maps global research on the three core waste management strategies, i.e., reduce, recycle, and remove (3R’s), to understand their intellectual structure, evolution, and emerging directions. Using both Scopus and the Web of Science, we apply bibliometric performance analysis and keyword co-occurrence network mapping to examine trends across plastic bans and regulation, recycling technologies, and clean-up initiatives. Research on reduction has increasingly incorporated themes related to multi-level governance and circular economy frameworks, based on observed changes in keyword patterns and thematic evolution. Recycling studies show an increasing presence of themes related to advanced chemical, biological, and AI-supported systems alongside established mechanical recycling approaches. Clean-up research increasingly includes themes related to technology-driven solutions, including improved detection and remediation approaches. Despite this progress, key challenges remain such as fragmented policy coordination, technological and economic limits to scaling advanced recycling, and the high cost and complexity of large-scale clean-up. Life-cycle trade-offs and persistent microplastics further constrain impact. Overall, future research must connect prevention, material recovery, and environmental restoration within coherent governance and technological systems to reduce plastic leakage and support long-term marine sustainability.
Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils and urban green spaces has become a major environmental concern, threatening ecosystem functioning, food safety, and sustainable land management. Silicon-based growing media have emerged as an environmentally friendly approach for reducing metal mobility while enhancing plant establishment in contaminated environments. Despite growing research interest, a comprehensive evaluation of the mechanisms, effectiveness, and practical applications of silicon-amended growing media across diverse plant systems remains lacking. This systematic review addresses this gap by synthesizing current evidence following the PRISMA 2020 framework. A systematic search of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar identified 247 publications published between 2010 and 2025, of which 32 peer-reviewed studies met the predefined inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. The reviewed literature demonstrates that silicon incorporation into growing media improves substrate functionality by modifying physicochemical properties, immobilizing heavy metals, regulating metal transport within plants, strengthening antioxidant and osmo-protective defense systems, preserving photosynthetic activity, and improving nutrient acquisition and water-use efficiency. Furthermore, silicon influences molecular signaling pathways and promotes beneficial rhizosphere interactions that collectively enhance plant resilience under metal stress. Among the evaluated materials, silicon nanoparticles consistently exhibited greater remediation efficiency than conventional silicon sources because of their higher surface reactivity and improved bioavailability. Overall, silicon-based substrate engineering represents a multifunctional and sustainable strategy for mitigating heavy metal contamination while improving the performance of agricultural crops and urban vegetation. Future research should focus on validating these findings under long-term field conditions, optimizing silicon formulations for different substrate types and contamination scenarios, evaluating environmental safety, and integrating silicon-based technologies into climate-resilient agricultural practices and urban green infrastructure.
Conservation governance frameworks assess equity through recognition, procedure, and distribution. These dimensions give limited attention to Indigenous authority over land and conservation decisions in settler-colonial contexts, including the relationships, responsibilities, and governance conditions that shape equitable conservation. This study develops and pilots the Conservation with Equity framework across three UNESCO-designated Biosphere Reserves in Canada: Clayoquot Sound, Mount Arrowsmith, and Redberry Lake. Using document analysis of UNESCO governance documents, complemented by semi-structured interviews with Biosphere Reserve managers, we examined how equity is reflected in conservation governance practices. The pilot application identified ecological reconciliation as a fourth and foundational dimension of equitable conservation governance, extending existing equity frameworks. Results show that the Biosphere Reserves incorporate Indigenous knowledge into conservation activities, involve communities in decision-making through governance processes, and support local livelihoods and restoration initiatives. However, these practices improve participation and benefit sharing without consistently shifting decision-making authority over land and conservation. Indigenous-led initiatives, including Tribal Parks, land-based education, healing initiatives, and food production systems, demonstrate pathways where Indigenous communities direct land use and conservation decisions. The Conservation with Equity framework provides a basis for assessing conservation governance with greater attention to Indigenous authority, governance, and relationships with land.
Agricultural lands in Russia are increasingly being converted into fallow areas, making the study of potentially mineralizable carbon (PMC) in fallow soils essential for understanding post-agrogenic ecosystem functioning. This study provides a comparative assessment of the spatial and temporal dynamics of PMC in soils of the Leningrad and Novgorod regions (Bankovo, Belogorka, and Borovichi sites) under different land-use types, including fallows of various ages, arable, garden, pasture, hayfield soils, and secondary forests. Total carbon content was determined by high-temperature dry combustion, while basal respiration was measured using a standard incubation method. PMC parameters were estimated using biokinetic fractionation of soil organic matter (SOM), and cumulative carbon release was calculated as the sum of emissions over the incubation period. The highest basal respiration values among the studied fallow soils were observed in fallow soils at the Bankovo site (1.44–1.66 µg CO2–C g−1 h−1). Carbon stocks in most fallow soils were lower than those of the corresponding background soils, although the magnitude of differences varied among sites. Both the size of the PMC pool and its mineralization rate varied among fallow soils depending on post-agrogenic succession, vegetation type, and site-specific environmental conditions. The highest cumulative C-CO2 production was recorded in degraded pasture soils and secondary forests at Borovichi. Restorative ecosystems generally showed higher carbon-mineralizing activity than arable and garden soils, although turnover characteristics varied among sites. Region-specific patterns related to parent material and environmental conditions were identified. Even after long-term fallowing (up to 120 years), several soil properties remained different from background conditions, indicating prolonged and site-dependent recovery of organic matter dynamics.
Owing to their widespread occurrence, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) have emerged as a global environmental concern; however, research on PPCP pollution in karst tourist cities remains limited. This study investigated the concentrations and spatial distribution of 43 PPCPs in the Lijiang River Basin and identified their primary sources together with the associated ecological and health risks. In total, 43 target PPCPs were detected in the Lijiang River Basin in Guangxi, China, with concentrations ranging from 68.6 to 3170 ng/L in wastewater, 53.2 to 1400 ng/L in surface water, and 32.0 to 505 ng/L in groundwater. Caffeine (CAF), 1,7-dimethylxanthine (1,7-DIM), 4-acetaminophenol (APAP), and metformin (MFM) were the predominant contaminants across all three matrices. Notably, concentrations in tributaries exceeded those in the main stem. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that domestic sewage and hospital wastewater constitute the principal sources of PPCPs in the Lijiang River. Certain effluents and river reaches containing 1,7-DIM and MFM posed a moderate ecological risk (0.1 < risk quotient (RQ) < 1). The PPCPs detected in groundwater did not exceed health-based thresholds, indicating no direct risk to human health. These findings advance our understanding of PPCP contamination in karst landscapes and provide a scientific basis for water quality management in the Lijiang River Basin.
The mining industry is a cornerstone of global energy security and industrial supply chains, yet its resilience to systemic disruptions such as COVID-19 has been critically overlooked. This disruption provided a rare opportunity to trace supply-chain impacts. Using an environmentally extended multi-regional input-output (EEMRIO) model integrated with a Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) weighted approach. We compare pandemic trajectories with counterfactual no-pandemic trajectories: the no-pandemic model (calibrated on 2004–2018) projects 2019–2025, while the pandemic model (calibrated through 2023) projects 2023–2025, with 2023 serving as the observed baseline and transition year. Our findings reveal a transient reduction in mining water and carbon footprints, juxtaposed with stark economic contractions: mining value fell by 40% in China, 37% in India, and 13% in the United States. The weighted component among the water-carbon-value (WVC) analysis further uncovers a tripolar spatial pattern, categorizing countries into financial hubs with high value, such as Switzerland, carbon-locked exporters like Brunei, and water-stressed regions, including Cambodia. Despite absorbing substantial embodied environmental burdens, China maintained its position as the global value hub. These insights underscore the urgency of policies that enhance structural efficiency, decarbonize the power sector, and foster supply chain diversification to decouple economic value from environmental pressures while mitigating spatial inequalities.
Asbestos contamination in drinking water remains an underexplored environmental issue despite the widespread historical use of asbestos-cement materials in water infrastructure and buildings worldwide. This study evaluated the occurrence and removal of asbestos fibers throughout the drinking water treatment chain in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, from source contamination to household filtration. Synthetic asbestos-contaminated water prepared from asbestos-cement roofing materials was treated using coagulation–flocculation with aluminum sulfate, a pilot-scale conventional treatment train, membrane filtration, and household point-of-use filtration systems. Asbestos quantification and mineral identification were performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with results reported as million fibers per liter (MFL). Coagulation–flocculation achieved the highest removal efficiencies, reaching up to 99.8% at aluminum sulfate dosages between 35 and 45 mg/L. The pilot-scale treatment system substantially reduced asbestos concentrations, with granular filtration representing the principal removal barrier. Membrane filtration exhibited moderate and highly variable performance, with an average removal efficiency of 44.7%, whereas household filters showed inconsistent behavior and occasional concentration peaks associated with possible breakthrough or remobilization processes. The results demonstrate that asbestos removal is strongly governed by the treatment mechanism, with particle destabilization and aggregation outperforming technologies relying exclusively on physical retention. These findings support the progressive replacement of asbestos-containing water infrastructure as the primary long-term preventive strategy, complemented by targeted monitoring and optimized asbestos-removal treatment where fiber contamination is detected or a risk of release from legacy materials exists.
MP contamination in drinking water is an emerging public health concern, yet standardized analytical workflows and exposure assessments remain limited and fragmented. This study provides an exploratory assessment of MP exposure through drinking water, combining particle-resolved analysis with consumption-based estimates. Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) spectroscopy was applied within the analytical workflow to characterize MPs across different drinking water supply types. Ten drinking-water samples (five bottled, two tap, two public dispensers, and one office dispenser) were analyzed within a 10–500 µm size window, and particle-resolved results were combined with a consumption survey to support preliminary exposure estimates. MPs in the 10–150 µm range were detected in six of ten samples, while tap waters and all blanks were particle-free, supporting analytical robustness. Bottled waters showed the highest MP abundances (6–148 particles L−1) and mass concentrations (0.03–22.4 µg L−1). Particle-size distributions were right-skewed and dominated by particles ≤ 30 µm. PET, PU, PA, and ABS predominated, consistent with packaging and dispensing origins. EDI estimates for bottled-water consumers ranged from 0.1008 to 0.3023 µg kg-bw−1 day−1 across three consumption scenarios (1–3 L day−1). Despite the limited sample size, the results support LDIR for source discrimination and exposure screening, providing a basis for future research.
This study quantifies and assesses the gap between the perceptions of 550 farming households on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola and the opinions of 60 regional experts on climate change. This quantification draws on the traditional knowledge of farming households, which is based on environmental observations, including meteorological, biological, and astrological ones, as well as on the experts’ opinions, which are grounded in scientific observations. To measure this gap, we asked 24 identical questions to both the experts and the farming households, using the experts’ responses as a benchmark. The experts’ statements were used as a reference to reflect the reality of climate change, given that the majority of experts’ answers converge. We then quantified the average distance for each farming household relative to these references. Fisher’s exact test and Pearson chi-square (χ2) test were used to assess this distance. A binary regression model was then used to identify the main factors influencing the gap in farming households’ perceptions, as well as to examine whether this gap is associated with greater socioeconomic vulnerability. The results revealed that in Haiti, 70% of farming households had a different perception from experts’one. In the Dominican Republic, this proportion was 47.50%. Vulnerable (OR = 12.94, p < 0.001) and very vulnerable (OR = 4.18, p < 0.05) farming households were more likely to have a different perception of climate change compared to experts.
Amid growing water stress in British Columbia caused by climate change, population growth, and rising demand, local governments in Canada are adopting water demand management and conservation policies as part of broader climate adaptation efforts to promote sustainable water use and optimize efficiency. Our objective was to understand the actions local governments are taking to address climate-related impacts on the water sector. Thus, the study assesses the implementation status and progress of water demand management in British Columbia by surveying water managers from 94 local jurisdictions across the province. Our analysis focuses on four key dimensions: prioritization, planning, investment, and implementation of water demand management policies. Results reveal that 84% of surveyed jurisdictions have water efficiency/conservation plans, and 55% of household water connections are metered. Commonly implemented measures include mandatory water restrictions, volumetric pricing, leak detection, and public education campaigns, with regional policies proving more prevalent than municipal-level initiatives. Despite notable progress, implementation remains uneven, with gaps in resource allocation and many household connections still without water meters. Tracking the progress of implementing best practices in water conservation is an essential part of local climate adaptation.
This study provides a bibliometric analysis of global research on surfactant applications in subsurface remediation over the period 2010–2025, with the objective of mapping the scientific development, knowledge structure, and emerging research fronts in this field. A total of 359 documents indexed in Scopus were examined in February 2025 using bibliometric methods, including citation analysis, total link strength (TLS), co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence mapping and included English-language research articles, review papers, conference papers, and book chapters. Visualization and analytical outputs were generated using tools such as VOSviewer to interpret research patterns and relationships. The annual number of publications increased steadily throughout the study period, corresponding to an average yearly growth rate of 6.9%. The citation structure is highly uneven, where a relatively small number of publications and authors contribute disproportionately to overall citation impact. Review papers play a central role in consolidating knowledge and guiding research development, reflecting increasing consolidation of the field. Keyword analysis reveals a stable core focus on surfactant-enhanced remediation, alongside emerging topics such as PFAS contamination, biosurfactants, and integrated surfactant–oxidation treatment systems. Overall, this study offers a structured quantitative overview of the intellectual landscape of surfactant-based remediation research and identifies key trends, gaps, and future directions for advancing sustainable subsurface contamination management.
Globally, Australia is ranked the fourth-top producer of e-waste. While Australian states and territories are increasingly recognising the e-waste problem and developing policies and regulations that deal with e-waste, huge amounts of e-waste still go undocumented. Currently, regional councils are concerned with the existing recycling practices owing to the escalating quantities of e-waste generated yearly. This paper examines the e-waste management practices of Victorian and Queensland regional councils, compares the current practices in managing e-waste, identifies the problems and challenges, and recommends innovative approaches to address e-waste collection and recycling practices in Australia. This study was conducted in regional Victoria and Queensland councils. A qualitative research method employing semi-structured interviews is adopted in this study. The study interviewed 49 employees of Victorian and Queensland regional councils. The findings of the study identified a number of areas that needs improvement in the management of e-waste such as: (a) lack of education and awareness about e-waste for the residents in the communities, (b) absence of knowledge about e-waste recycling (c) poor attitude towards e-waste recycling, (d) lack of sufficient funding; (e) limited number of e-waste recyclers to engage, (f) lack of specific policies and legislation on e-waste management (g) inability of the current National Television Computer Recycling Scheme (NTCRS) and mobile muster national product stewardship initiatives and schemes to cover all categories of e-waste. These results suggest that e-waste management practices in Victorian and Queensland Regional Councils need improvement. The findings of this study show that there are more similarities and fewer differences in how the Victorian and Queensland regional councils manage their e-waste. This study provides numerous practical and workable suggestions for addressing the e-waste management practices of regional councils in Australia. From a real-world scenario, this study will be useful to regional councils, environmentalists, and policymakers in identifying areas of improvement in e-waste management practices and developing impactful solutions.
Anthropogenic particles (APs), including suspected microplastics, are increasingly reported in freshwater ecosystems; however, baseline data remain limited for culturally important freshwater fish in the Mississippi River Headwaters. This study assessed the occurrence and morphology of APs in Ogaa (walleye; Sander vitreus) and Asaawe (yellow perch; Perca flavescens) collected from five northern Minnesota lakes. Gastrointestinal tract, liver, and fillet tissues from 49 fish were processed using a modified hydrogen peroxide digestion protocol and examined by stereomicroscopy. Because polymer confirmation was not conducted, visually identified particles are conservatively reported as anthropogenic particles rather than confirmed microplastics. Forty-one APs were identified across all tissues, with 43% of fish containing at least one particle (0.83±1. particles per fish). Fibers were the predominant morphology, followed by fragments, and walleye exhibited greater AP prevalence and abundance than yellow perch. Although descriptive differences were observed among lakes and tissues, statistical analyses did not detect significant relationships among the variables examined. These findings establish baseline information on AP occurrence in culturally important freshwater fish from the Mississippi River Headwaters and provide a foundation for future investigations incorporating polymer confirmation and expanded spatial and temporal sampling.
