Inflammatory bowel disease patients (IBD) are more likely to suffer from mental disorders, malnutrition and poor quality of life (QoL), all of which can result in poor clinical outcomes. The aim of this study is to find out how common malnutrition, psychiatric difficulties and poor quality of life is in IBD patients, as well as their risk factors and evaluation of the activity of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), with measuring the level of urea and creatinine. The mean +/- SD of age for the three groups (CD, UC and HC) were 27.02 +/- 7.71, 29.12 +/- 7.82 and 30.58 +/- 7.30 years respectively; ALT in the sera of both patient groups (CD&UC) was a significant decrease (p<0.05) when compared to the (HC group) while significant decrease (p<0.05) in AST in (CD group), as well as highly significant increase (p<0.001) in AST of (UC group) was discovered when compared to their levels in the matching (HC group). A highly significant increase (p<0.001) in serum ALP of (UC group) and a significant increase ( p<0.05) of (CD) group in comparison to that of the (HC group), and a nonsignificant differences (p<0.05) in serum Urea and Creatinine of both patient groups (CD & UC) were discovered when compared to that of the (HC group). It was concluded that the psychological state could be one of the reasons for the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which has a poor impact on QoL.
The results of regional anesthesia (RA) techniques on pain relief and narcotic consumption are challenging and should be evaluated. Hence, the purpose of the present article was to evaluate the efficacy and outcome of RA in adult patients with burns to decrease narcotic consumption and pain. The initial search was performed by two blind and independent browsers in electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase) until May 2021. For data analysis, after extracting the data of three studies that met the inclusion criteria, the mean and risk difference methods were used with a 95% confidence interval, the fixed-effect model and the Mantel-Haenszel/inverse variance method were used were calculated for the data. Stata software version 16, a faster version of Stata, was used for statistical analysis. 24 articles were found in the initial review, the abstracts reviewed by two blind and independent authors. Finally, after reviewing the full text of 9 articles, 3 articles were selected. The mean difference of cumulative Morphine requirements was 49.01 (MD, -49.01 95% CI 56.36, -41.67. P-VALUE=0.00) between continuous RA and control group of cumulative Morphine requirements. Meta-analysis showed that both RA had statically significantly lower total morphine consumption than the control group. Meta-analysis showed RA reduced total morphine consumption and pain.
The assessment of Ciprofloxacin.HCI using continuous flow injection diverging light was investigated. A moder, simple, rapid, and sensitive approach has been developed by using an ISNAG-Fluorimeter analyzer for assessing Ciprofloxacin.HCI pure state as well as pharmaceuticals (tablets); the process was based on the interaction of Ciprofloxacin.HCI with ammonium metavanadate (v) (AMV) as a precipitating agent to yield an ion pair association yellow precipitate rapidly in salt medium. To increase the affectability of the established approach, optimum parameters have been selected. For the instrument response vs Ciprofloxacin-HCl concentrations, the scatter plot range and linear dynamic range were 0.0-50 mmol/L. For linear dynamic range, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.98623, and the percentage linearity (R-2 percent) was 97.26%. With a concentration of 10, 35 mmol/L, the percentage linearity for repeatability (n=8) was less than 0.34 percent. The detection limit of gradual dilution for the lowest concentration in the scatter plot range of the calibration curve was 0.221 g/sample. Ciprofloxacin.HCI in pharmaceutical tablets was effectively estimated using the described approach. The individual t-test with 95 percent confidence (alpha=0.05) was used to analyze drugs using the usual incremental technique. The results were also compared to those obtained using traditional UV-Spectrophotometric techniques at a wavelength of 272 nm. The ISNAG-Fluorimeter analyzer and traditional techniques yielded no significant differences in the results.
Novel N,N-bidentate azo ligand, namely 8-[5-(2-sulfonic acid naphthyl)azo]Caffeine (SNAC), as well as their metal complexes with [Ag(I), Co(II), Cu(II), Pd(II),and Pt(IV)] were synthesized and characterized by utilizing elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance and thermal analysis. The stability constant and Gibbs free energy were examined by spectroscopic methods. The ligand( SNAC) in comparison to its complexes were tested for their antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer and burn healing activities.
Atorvastatin (ATO) with its chemical formula of (C33H35FN2O5) is one of the cholesterol-lowering drugs that can also reduce hematoma volume (HV). Considering the importance of pharmacological treatments in improving the patient condition, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ATO effect on chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) status. In this systematic review (SR) study, all articles about the ATO effect on CSDH status were entered into a study, without time constraints, by two authors who were professional in SR articles. In the initial search, 176 articles were found, of which 73 articles were deleted due to duplicate records, and after further review and removal of unrelated articles, this number reduced to 11 articles, and systematic review data was reported with 11 articles. In all articles, radiological clinical findings were used to diagnose hematoma. In most of the reviewed articles, atorvastatin was effective in reducing subdural hemorrhage. The articles ranged from 2014 to 2021, the total sample size was 1278 patients and the follow-up period varied from 2 months to 4 years. Concerning the ATO effect in reducing HV status in CSDH patients, it is recommended to prescribe this drug to improve HV levels.
In this work, we used normal flow injection analysis for determining two drugs of Quercetindehydrate symbolized as QE and Diosmin symbolized as DSN. The aim was to develop a simple, rapid, less expensive, linear, precise and accurate technique using p-Methylaminophenol Sulfate (MFS) in the presence of an oxidative agent of Sodium per iodate in aqueous medium. After the experimental conditions were passed, ideal conditions were adopted for this work, and the detection of the highest absorption of the two drugs was reached. Detected at the Maximum wavelength, we recorded them (QE= 641 nm and DSN = 665 nm). We studied beaver each drug by flow injection technique chosen concentration rang from (2-160) mg.ml(-1) for QE and DSN with MFS reagent in presence of oxidative agent draw calibration graph which gave a linear relationship with correlation coefficients of 0.9994 and 0.9989, respectively. The sample response time for each drug was 20 seconds for QE and 19 seconds for DSN and the detection limit for the proposed approach was (1.4x10(-5)) for QE and DSN, depending on trace drug concentration. The proposed approach was used to study and determine the two suggested medications in injections and tablets with great effectiveness.
In this work, the green and chemical synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (Fe/Ni) NPs supported by zeolite 5A using green tea extract and sodium borohydride as reducing agents, respectively, at the best ratio of Fe: Ni was obtained and used as heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation for the decolorization of reactive red 120 dye (RR120) from water polluted. The nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM, (EDX), (AFM), (XRD), (FT-IR), (BET), and Zeta potential. The hydrothermal preparation of zeolite 5A from local kaolin, then characterization, and use of it as a supporting material. The optimum conditions of decolorization of RR120 were studied under experimental parameters such as: [H2O2] = (0.1-20) mmol/L, catalyst dosages = (0.1-1.5) g/L, pH (2.5-9), [RR120 dye] = (15-100) mg/L, reaction time = (0-120) min, and temperature (30-50) degrees C. The decolorization efficiency of RR120 dye under the optimum reaction conditions by Fenton-like reaction for (GT-Z-Fe/Ni) NPs synthesis by green methods was 99.9%, whereas 96.6% with (Z-Fe/Ni) NPs synthesized by chemical methods. Furthermore, we studied the kinetic and thermodynamic effects of RR120 dye removal by heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation for GT-Z-Fe/Ni and Z-Fe/Ni NPs by three kinetic models (first-order, second-order, and Behnajady-Modirshahla-Ghanbary (BMG)) and the thermodynamic parameters (Delta G degrees, Delta H degrees, and Delta S degrees) at (30, 40, and 50) C degrees. The results indicate the second-order and the (BMG) are the best models representing the experimental kinetic data of RR120 dye removal, and the reaction is spontaneous and endothermic using GT-Z-Fe/Ni and Z-Fe/Ni nanoparticles. Finally, the comparison of the decolorization efficiency of RR120 dye in optimum conditions using different reaction mechanisms.
Heart failure (HF) is a disorder in which the heart muscle becomes weaker than normal. This condition occurrence increases when patient has previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM). This study focused on determination of NT-proBNP biomarker and many routine parameters in HF patients that already have DM. 120 blood samples from males and females (80 patients and 40 controls) were collected. The patients and controls were all between the ages of 40 and 70. Patients' samples were taken from Ibn Al-Bitar Diagnostic Center for Heart Surgery in Baghdad/ Iraq. Serum levels of sugar, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were calculated spectrophotometrically. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) level was determined using biochemical kit. Finally, NT-proBNP and insulin levels were measured using ELISA kits. Serum levels of glucose, HbA1C, insulin, and NT-proBNP were significantly higher (p=0.000) and there are significant differences between patients and control groups. Lipid profile parameters except cholesterol and SLDL have a significant difference. NT-proBNP was negatively correlated to glucose concentration, whereas it was positively correlated to heart failure and insulin concentration. In Cluster analysis, NT-proBNP was organized in one cluster with SLDL. The best cutoff value for NT-proBNP protein was (54.1) ng/mL according to ROC analysis.
Nano derivatives of graphene sheets were prepared by functionalized with triazoles. Starting with thiocarbohyderazide which was obtained by refluxing a combination of carbon disulfide and hydrazine hydrate (I), it generated 3-thiol-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole when heated in solid state(II). Anthranilic acid was reacted with (C6H5COCl) to produce 2-phenyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-one(III), which was then condensed with the 3-thiol-4-amino-1,2,4-triazol(II) in glacial acetic acid to produce (IV) compound. In addition, the (h2, h3, h4) compounds were used to exfoliate graphite (h1) which contains graphite rods as both anode and cathode, electrolyte, distilled water, sodium bicarbonate, and a power source for the formation of graphene oxide, graphite oxides with a variables acid (h2). Graphene oxide's interaction with hydrazinehydrate yielded (RGO) (h3). The product of (RGO) sonification with thionyl chloride in DMF yielded acyl chloride-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (RGO-COCl) (h4). Compound (IV) was created by reacting (RGO-CO-Cl) with dry THF and Et3N to yield compound (RGO-CO-Cl) (V). Concerning physical features and spectral properties, validity of compounds established by FTIR spectroscopy, and some of them by 1H, 13C-NMR spectrum, XRD, SEM, and AFM. The MCF-7 and VRL-68 cell lines were used to investigate anti-breast cancer and anti-hepatic cancer activity, which could be used as a foundation for the development of novel anticancer medicines.
Accelerated aging of polyurea coatings by UV radiation under laboratory conditions is tested. The results of coating color and gloss measurements indicate that the gloss and color of the polyurea coating are significantly changed. The coating gloss is decreased sharply from 72.12 GU to 1.93 (decreased by 97.3%) GU after 1000 hours of aging under UV radiation. The total color difference Delta E*ab is increased up to 13.67 after 1000 hours of testing, and the color of the coating tends to change to yellow. Based on the SEM imaging method, it shows that the microscopic surface of the coating is cracked. Such cracks increase in terms of quantities, numbers, and width with deeper propagation into the coating when increasing the aging time by UV radiation. Through the IR spectrum analysis method, it also demonstrates that the bonds of functional groups characterized by polyurea are also destroyed. The polyurea chain destruction is increased with the increase of UV aging time, some bonds of the N-H group, and the C=O group in polyurea are completely destroyed when increasing the aging time to 1000 hours.
In this study, ketone di-alpha-carboxylic acid prepared from the interaction between anhydrous citric acid and strong inorganic acid was included in the Pechmann-related condensation to create a novel disubstituted anisolodipyrone building unit (MSY1). This precursor was interacted with different monofunctionalized phenols to afford six disubstituted anisolodipyrone-derived ester compounds, marked here as MSY2-MSY7. The molecular chemo-skeletal structures of the precursor and its derived compounds were identified spectrometerically. The potential of these compounds to present bioactive candidates was inspected in vitro through evaluation of their capacity to act as antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and glucose-regulating applicants. The authors found that our compounds, notably MSY4, have broad potent-to-moderate antiproliferative properties with a tiny harmful impact on normal cells. Also, these compounds showed positive antibacterial properties, particularly MSY2, MSY5, and MSY1, for anaerobic, aerobic gram-negative bacteria, and filamentous fungi, correspondingly. This positivity is endorsed by our chemicals' comparative safety in terms of normal flora bacteria. Moreover, MSY2 and MSY3 have the strongest suppression influence on the test glucose-regulating enzymes, with a moderate effect attributed to the other compounds. Based on the findings, the researchers concluded that the synthetic candidates might provide a type of platform, potentially opening up new options for the discovery of novel pharmaceutically active applicants.
Three novel nanocomposites were synthesized using the coprecipitation method: lead oxide (beta-PbO-massicot), lead ferrite (PbFe8O18), and lead ferrite polypyrrole (PbFe2O7:PYY). The magnetometer with vibrating-sample-VSM, thermal stability via gravimetry analysis-TGA, Raman, scanning field emission scanning electron microscopy-FESEM, and x-ray diffraction spectroscopy-XRD were used to characterize the nanocomposites. According to XRD measurements, beta-PbO and PbFe2O7:PYY have an orthorhombic crystal structure, while PbFe8O18 has a monoclinic structure. To calculate crystallite size, the Scherrer model was utilized, which provided a significant value in beta-PbO and a small value in PbFe2O7:PYY. Raman's research revealed a significant change in the composite structure, indicating the creation of nanomaterials. According to the AC conductivity tests, beta-PbO has a lower conductivity than PbFe8O18, however, PbFe2O7:PYY has a higher conductivity. When assessed using the VSM technique, PbFe8O18 has higher Ms values.
Pain is the physiological response of the body to tissue damage, disease itself, or visceral dilation and can occur intra- or post-operatively. Pregabalin (PGB, delta-[+]-3-isobutylgaba) is structurally similar to gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), and does not bind to GABA receptors and exerts its effects on the alpha 2 delta receptor. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the PGB effect on reducing pain in patients with disc and spinal surgeries. The search process was carried out by two researcher (one anesthesiologist and one neurosurgeon) using specific keywords lumbar spinal surgery, pain, lumbar disc herniation (LDH) surgery, lumbar laminectomy, spinal surgery, and PGB in ISI-PUBMED-SCOPUS international databases. In the initial search, 322 articles were found, which after reviewing 16 articles were entered the final stage. Of the articles included in, 6 articles were in the group of patients with spinal surgery, 3 articles were in the group of patients with LDH surgery, 7 articles were in the group of other spinal patients including lumbar discectomy, lumbar laminectomy, and other patients. In most of the reviewed articles, PGB was used to reduce the pain of patients. Due to the positive effect of PGB on reducing pain in patients, it is recommended to prescribe this drug.
Cassia angustifolia. Vahl (Sinameki) is one of the best-known medicinal herbs for the treatment of constipation in Iraq and many Arabic countries and it has long been used as a medicinal agent. In the present study, the antibacterial potential of Sinameki and its synergistic effect with antibiotics including tetracycline and amoxicillin were investigated at various concentrations (50, 100, and 150 mg/mL) against three pathogenic bacterial strains including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A dilution method was used to determine the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of the plant leaf extract against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The synergistic effect between the extract and antibiotics was evaluated using a diffusion method. Sinameki (methanol extract) showed a potent inhibitory activity against all the tested bacteria, while Sinameki (methanol extract) revealed lower inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria compared to the negative control. The highest inhibitory activity of Sinameki (methanol extract) was confirmed against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with an inhibition zone of 8, 5, and 4 mm, respectively. The combination of Sinameki extract with antibiotics including tetracycline and amoxicillin has resulted in increasing the antibacterial activity. The findings are very important for further study of the Sinameki as an alternative herbal medicine leading to cure diseases caused by microbial pathogens.
In the study of graph properties, topological indices and graph labelling are both enormous topics. In this paper, we connect the ideas of topological indices with graph labelling, resulting in a number of novel topological indices to study the labelled graphs. We present new topological indices for certain molecular graphs that admit cordial labelling in this article. Through topological indices, graph theory is playing an essential part in QSPR data analysis. In this paper, we consider the labelled square index SQI(G), labelled product Index PI(G), labelled sum Index SI(G), labelled Nirmala Index NI(G), labelled Sombor Index SOLI(G), labelled forgotten Index FI(G) and Cluster of all these Indices.
In this study, Cordia myxa (bumper) plant was initially extracted in the presence of alcohol, and then Schiff's bases were prepared from the reaction of the active substance of the bumper plant with different aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes during nucleophilic substitution reaction, after that the rom reaction of Schiff's bases with (Chloro acetyl chloride, NaN3, Phthalic, and maleic anhydrides) to produce four, five, and seven-member rings. The prepared compounds were characterized by FT-IR,H-1-NMR, and the biological activity of synthesized compounds was studied against positive and negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella) as well as fungi (candida Albicans), and then they were compared with anti-allergic drugs.
Diagnosis of sepsis is made based on clinical symptoms and laboratory findings, in which the clinical symptoms may be specific or nonspecific aim of D-dimer as a diagnostic biomarker for pediatric/neonatal sepsis. The researchers extracted all papers that had been published with the aim of examining pediatric and neonatal sepsis, and then they investigated them according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and finally included them. After the final conclusion and removal of the repeated papers, the results were reported using data frequency distribution table. In this study, in the initial search, 176 papers were found; after the initial and final screenings, the number reached 10 papers to be included in the SR stage. The total number of patients was 2075, on whom four studies had been done on one neonatal age group and six on children's age group. Furthermore, considering hospitalization in the ward, three studies had been done in NICU, 4 in PICU, and three studies in the pediatric ward. Moreover, the patients' mortality arranged from 0.9% to 52.7%. In all examined studies, it was observed that the patients with more severe clinical status or those who had died had higher levels of DD compared to other patients. In patients with more serious clinical status or those that had died, DD level was reported higher compared to the other patients. It seems that DD level can be used as a factor for disease diagnosis and prognosis of the patients.
This research was conducted to study some chemical properties of frozen shrimp available in local markets, 24 samples were randomly collected for six imported commercial brands from Baghdad city markets, qualitative chemical tests were carried out, which included the values of pH, total volatile nitrogen (TVN)and thiobarbituric acid (TBA), heavy metals lead, cadmium and nickel were estimated, the results showed that there were significant differences at the level of (P <= 0.05) in the values of TVN and TBA, the samples S1 and S3 exceeded the acceptable limits for TVN, reaching 33.28 and 32.71 mg N/100gm, TBA values for all shrimp samples were within the acceptable limits approved by Codex, with the highest value being 1.76, there were no significant differences between shrimp samples in the pH values, which ranged between 7.02 - 7.53, the concentrations of lead, cadmium and nickel elements recorded significant differences at the level (P <= 0.05). Samples S1 and S3 exceeded the acceptable limits for lead approved by Codex, which amounted to 0.337 and 0.660 mg/kg, while cadmium contents (0.082-0.142) were within Codex's (1 mg/kg) guidelines, they were greater than the European Commission's (0.05 mg/kg) permitted levels., all shrimp samples under study were within the acceptable limits for the element nickel.
This research was designed to study the effect of rheumatoid arthritis disease on some biomarker, and it was included 100 samples belonging to 50 individuals with rheumatic joint disease that was divided into 3 groups according to the disease period of time (i.e., early, mid, and advanced) at the age ranges of (25-65 years old) with 50 sample healthy (control) at the age ranges of (20-40 years old) and clinical parameter of disease were assessed ,including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C). The results of the study revealed a significant increase with (HDLC) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with control group, and also it was not significant in (TC, TG, LDLC, and VLDL-C) of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with control group.
The aim of this study is to estimate the evolution of some greenhouse emissions from Kwashe municipal solid waste landfill in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The emission of gasses as CH4, CO2, CO, O-2, O-3, and H2S from the landfills in three sites was measured by the Drager multi-gas detector X-am 5600. The formation of CH4 inside the landfill body is spatial according to the load of the buried organic waste, the degree of organic waste moisture content, the spatial pH, and temperature within the landfill body, and further found to be higher thousands fold over its over save ranges in the third site. The liberation of CO2 is greater than its normal background in the atmosphere as 0.03% in three sites, especially in the third site to reach its risk level and at least hundred times greater than the normal ranges of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. These reflect the high load of organic waste greater than the half and most of decomposition is carried by aerobic respiration. CO level in site 3 recorded the highest values in the first week and remained over the normal range till the end of investigation. The ozone formation ranges between 0.01 to 0.05 ppm and there is a parent difference between the sites. The highest emissions of H2S were noticed in site 3 and the peak was recorded in the first week of observation at 5 ppm. Then, the liberation continued after 4 weeks to 8 weeks, indicating that the load of wet organic waste deposition is concentrated on site 3.
