This study conducted to identify the mechanism of cell death that induced by these isolated flavonoids, either by induction of apoptosis or necrosis. Three flavonoids namely nobiletin (NOB), tectorigenin (TEC) and persicognin (PERSI) were isolated from the optimised extractable polyphenols (EPP) crude extract of date palm kernels (DPK). The effect of crude EPP, NOB, TEC, PERS and the non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP) from DPK and paclitaxel on human lung cancer A549 and human colon cancer HT29 cell lines and on the normal murine fibroblast 3T3 cell line were investigated using MTT crystal violet and trypan blue exclusion assays. Apoptosis, one type of programmed cell death, is a well-defined self-suicide process counteracting tumor growth. Many chemotherapy drugs produce antitumor effects by triggering the apoptosis through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Apoptosis is either created by death receptors, which are called extrinsic pathway utilizing caspases 8 and 10. The other pathway is mitochondrial path or intrinsic pathway involving caspase. Recognizing involved mechanisms in cancer development is of great importance for developing neoplastic treatment.
Rutin, a flavonoid with a wide range of biological activities, has a long history of use in nutritional supplements owing to its action against oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperglycemia. Because of its pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antiapoptosis, antiinflammation, rutin is proposed to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is a complex, multi-factorial neurodegenerative disease, and is characterized by neuronal atrophy of brain tissue. One of the pathological hallmarks of AD is the aggregation of soluble β amyloid (Aβ) into fibrillary deposits. Aβ aggregation induces neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation. In this review, we discussed the preclinical evidence on the antioxidant, antiapoptosis and anti-inflammatory proprieties of rutin, and the application of rutin in AD preclinical models. Rutin, delivered via oral and intraperitoneal routes, has been shown to functionally modify the cognitive and behavioural symptoms of AD in vivo due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and act as both an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory agent in the brain. Rutin attenuates oxidative stress, decreases the production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokine and inhibits Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity. Further studies to improve its bioavailability and investigations into its protective activities in AD would provide a concrete foundation for the use of rutin in clinical trials.
Resistant hypertension has become a difficult point in the control of hypertension because of the difficulty in controlling blood pressure well. Drug therapy has been an important method to control hypertension for many years, but in recent years, interventional methods represented by renal denervation (RDN) have provided new opportunities for the treatment of resistant hypertension. RDN releases energy through the ablation catheter and acts on the sympathetic nerve fibers on the vascular wall around the renal artery, thereby reducing the activity of the renal sympathetic nerve, blocking the increased activity and persistence of the sympathetic nerve, and thus it plays an important role in blood pressure control, especially resistant hypertension. This article reviews the research progress of RDN in the treatment of resistant hypertension. Mainly from three aspects: the definition of resistant hypertension and RDN, the research status of RDN in the treatment of resistant hypertension, and the influencing factors of RDN in the treatment of resistant hypertension.
Stroke danger and post-stroke incapacity have consistently diminished in the U.S. in the course of recent a very long time because of improved anticipation, and admittance to reperfusion treatments for intense ischemic stroke, for example, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA, alteplase) or potentially endovascular thrombectomy. Notwithstanding the adequacy and security of thrombolysis and thrombectomy, not all patients who get the treatment improve to full, free recuperation, and most patients are ineligible for treatment. Furthermore, there are no useful medicines to improve long haul results for patients after the intense period of ischemic stroke, or to lessen cerebrum injury prompted by intense intracerebral discharge. In this manner, improvement of new treatments for both intense and ongoing stroke is woefully required.
Resistant hypertension has become a difficult point in the control of hypertension because of the difficulty in controlling blood pressure well. Drug therapy has been an important method to control hypertension for many years, but in recent years, interventional methods represented by renal denervation (RDN) have provided new opportunities for the treatment of resistant hypertension. RDN releases energy through the ablation catheter and acts on the sympathetic nerve fibers on the vascular wall around the renal artery, thereby reducing the activity of the renal sympathetic nerve, blocking the increased activity and persistence of the sympathetic nerve, and thus it plays an important role in blood pressure control, especially resistant hypertension. Previous methods of performing RDN through the intima of the renal artery may damage the structure, increasing the risk of renal atherosclerosis. Therefore, taking this factor into account, in order to reduce the direct damage of the intima of the renal artery by radiofrequency energy, our team tried to implement RDN from the adventitia of the renal artery with the help of current mature laparoscopic technology and engaged in relevant research for decades, including animal experiments and clinical trials. On the basis of these studies, we have preliminarily verified the safety and effectiveness of this technology in the treatment of resistant hypertension.This article mainly introduces our team’s innovative technology of laparoscopic-based RDN from the adventitia of renal artery for the treatment of resistant hypertension.
Stroke assessment and prediction of recovery uses clinical evaluation and functional quantified outcome measures. These scales mainly depend on performing physical and cognitive tasks, direct quantitative sensory measures were rarely concerned. A quantified reliable and objective tool to investigate and monitor functional recovery of neurological cortical lesion must u used. Therefore, huge literature on Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) indicate the possible use to elucidate differences in cortical activity associated with a stroke cases. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible prediction of recovery of stroke patients and possible early guidance of the rehabilitation program at an early stage. Methods: 24 healthy control and 30 patients who had had a stroke and had a sensory-motor impairment in the arm were examined, and their SEPs were recorded upon study entry (onset to 5 weeks after the stroke), and at approximately 3 and 6 months after the stroke. Results: The result showed 30% of the patients had N20 absent or severely affected at 1st visit. It was minimally affected on 35%, this 65% showed correlation of sensory motor impairment. At the 2nd visit N20 improved in amplitude correlated with improvement in sensory motor function in 70%. at the 3rd visit almost more than half of the population (65%) showed amplitude improvement which correlate with marked functional improvement. P25 was absent in 55% of the patients at initial visit, with sever or moderate impairment of some sensory modalities. N30 was absent or severely attenuated in almost 60% of the population at initial visit and weak in 10%. all have severe or moderate functional impairment. Statistical calculation of functional outcome shows statistically significant increase when 1st and 2nd visits were compared similarly the 2nd and 3rd and 1st and 3rd, p value less than 0.05. Conclusion: the improvement of somatosensory waves amplitude correlate with the recovery of function in most cases. The limited amplitude improvement is crucial for functional recovery. Cases with no amplitude improvement has no functional recovery. The technique may be a useful tool to predict recovery and guide the inclusion criterion for rehab program.
Stroke is a neurological insufficiency which causes major motor deficits particularly in lower limbs. Task oriented walking intervention is a novel approach used for stroke rehabilitation. The purpose of this research study was to compare the effects of the task oriented walking interventions with the conservative rehabilitation for improvement of balance in the chronic stroke patients. The study was a randomized control trial, conducted in hospital settings. 48 patients with predefined inclusion and Exclusion criteria were selected. Subjects were randomly allocated into 2 groups. After obtaining consent, data was collected via self-structured questionnaire, 06 minutes-walk test, Timed “Up and Go” test, and Berg Balance Scale. Group one received Task-Oriented Walking Intervention interventions and conventional treatment while control group received conventional interventions only. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 24. The results showed that, there were 54% males and 46% females. After 6 weeks of intervention experimental group receiving task oriented training along with conventional interventions showed significant improvement in balance with P-value <0.005 for all the three scales TUG, BBS and 6MWT as compared to the control group receiving only conventional interventions. Our respective study concluded that patients who were receiving task oriented walking interventions had considerable improvement in balance.
Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and restricted interests and/or repetitive behavior. Other commonly reported features associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include sensory processing over- or under-sensitivity. The functional architecture of the visual cortex has helped shape the traditional view that visual input is processed serially, in a bottom-up cascade of cortical regions that analyze increasingly complex information. This view has been challenged by models proposing a simultaneous bottom-up and top-down flow of information in the cortex.
Polymorphism is common in nature; it is related to biodiversity, genetic variation, and adaptation. Polymorphism usually functions to retain variety of form in a population living in a varied environment. The most common example is sexual dimorphism, which occurs in many organisms. Polymorphism can be maintained by a balance between variation created by new mutations and natural selection (see mutational load). genetic variation may be caused by frequency-dependent selection. multiple niche polymorphism exists when different genotypes should have different fitnesses in different niches. Bitterness is natural taste component which protects us from consumption of plant toxins. G- protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) bind with bitter substance like Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and transmit signals to the brain where flavour perceived. Three SNPs of TAS2R38 gene are responsible
The health information system in Kosovo has been trying for a few years to evolve from a paper-based systems towards an electronic information systems for the management of health processes and health data. So far, we observed a combination of paper based and limited use of the Health Information System within healthcare facilities. Good governance in health care requires reliable and timely information to plan, manage, and measure progress in attaining health objectives. The Ministry of Health over the last-years has been focusing on two parallel processes; creating an enabling environment by improving and investing in IT infrastructure, and developing/implementing an integrated information system for health-care providers. The Health Information System (HIS) Department, in cooperation with the external parter, has progressed with the implementation of a comprehensive nation-wide information system, so called Basic Health Information System. The system pools information from different sources, sufficient for data analysis at the micro, meso, and macro level. Concerning infrastructure, MoH is utilizing the computers from the old HIS software - where it was implemented previously - and investing in the rest of the area to provide the necessary equipment.
This publication continues the author’s previous publication from 2020 on mental barriers hindering a more accurate interrogation of the COVID 19 pandemic phenomenon and which focused on an analysis from sociological, philosophical and anthropological perspectives. The current publication completes this trajectory of inquiry by presenting a biological perspective which demonstrates the human organism as one in which viruses are a co-host in the fullest sense. The publication continues to document the author’s hypothesis that the essence of the COVID-19 pandemic is reduced effectiveness of those evolutionarily born defensive mechanisms which are integral to humans. Such a situation has resulted from the plundering of natural resources (including those of health) which characterised the industrial era.
Previous studies describing renal denervation (RDN) from the intima of the renal artery for the treatment of resistant hypertension have reported variable efficacies, and RDN triggers renal intimal injury and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RDN from the adventitia of renal artery plus unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy to treat patients with resistant hypertension caused by unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). A total of 60 consecutive patients with resistant hypertension caused by unilateral APA were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo RDN from the adventitia of the renal artery plus adrenalectomy (RDN group, n = 30) or adrenalectomy alone (control group, n = 30) and were followed up for 12 months. The primary efficacy end point was the change in 24-hours mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP) from baseline to 12 months. At the 12-month follow-up, the mean reduction of 24-hours average SBP and office SBP in the RDN group was 20.7 +/- 15.2 and 37.1 +/- 26.0 mm Hg, respectively, which was significantly higher than the mean reduction of 24-hours average SBP (11.9 +/- 11.1 mm Hg,P = .017) and the office SBP (25.9 +/- 16.8 mm Hg,P = .035) in the control group. Serum potassium levels returned to normal 12 months post-procedure. Patients in the RDN group had higher proportion of cured clinical and biochemical outcomes than those in the control group (35.7% vs 17.9% in clinical outcome; 96.4% vs 89.3% in biochemical outcome, respectively). There were no procedural-, device-, or treatment-related safety events during the 12-month follow-up period between the groups. In conclusion, RDN from the adventitia of the renal artery plus unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy is more effective than adrenalectomy alone for treating resistant hypertension caused by unilateral APA.
Myocardial infarction in young adults is a significant problem because there is no clear definition of premature coronary artery disease, which is most commonly reported before the age of 40–50 years .This can lead to an underestimation of the significant differences that exist between young patients compared to an older cohort. Traditional differences described in the risk profile of younger myocardial infarction compared to older patients. There is no specific codified management. The short-term prognosis is better, but contemporary data raise concerns about long-term outcomes. It is a prospective, monocentric study aimed at enumerating the different characteristics of STEMI in young adults under the age of 45; identify risk factors, angiographic results and prognosis in 30 young adults hospitalized for STEMI in the cardiology department of CHU Beni Messous during the period from October 2018 to October 2019. This study suggested that young adults with STEMI have unique characteristics in terms of risk profile, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation, angiographic results, and prognosis. In this study, the incidence of male patients predominated with a prevalence of 90%, a prevalence between 79 and 95% according to the previous series. The family history of coronary heart disease was established as an independent risk factor present in 16% of our patients, Chan et al. showed a higher prevalence of STEMI in young people with a family history of CAD and who reported an OR of 2.98 (95% CI, 2.26 to 3.94) . Zimmerman et al. reported the same results. In addition, smoking was found to be more common in young STEMI survivors with a percentage of 73%. Depending on the series, the prevalence of smoking varies from 51% to 89%, in France the rate is 77% . Hypertension and diabetes were less common in younger people compared to their older counterparts. According to previous studies, diabetes was found in 15% of cases and hypertension in 35% of cases. In addition, an examination of the angiographic characteristics showed that the majority of young adults presented with a monotronular disease, the culprit artery was IVA in 43% of cases, 16% Cx and 15% CD. According to Zimmerman et al. when the arteries are pathological, it most often involves mono-truncated involvement with preferential involvement of the anterior ventricular. The presence of tri-trunk lesion is reported in less than 10% of cases according to the study by Fournier et al. The achievement of the common core is exceptional. Conclusion: The incidence of STEMI in young people is not negligible. Active smoking remains the major risk factor and justifies continuing prevention campaigns. Coronary involvement is not very widespread. There is no specificity regarding the therapeutic management of these patients during hospitalization. Finally, if short and medium term prognosis is excellent, this is not the case in the long term, especially in cases of LV dysfunction.
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD)and stroke are the world’s biggest killers. The good news is that 80% of cardiovascular diseases can be prevented with healthy lifestyle habits. The most effective approach to improve this situation is the reduction of risk factors levels. Small positive shifts of risk factors, across a whole population consistently leads to greater reductions in disease burden than the huge investment to the new drugs and devices including invasive procedures. We present some concrete examples of daily menu and adequate exercise proposals how to change to reach recommended risk factors values. Decrease of safa about to 10% from daily energy intake and their substitution by polyunFA leads to decline cardiovascular risk about 20-30% 2% increase in energy intake from trans fatty acids increases IHD risk by 23% 30 g unsalted nuts daily decreases cardiovascular risk about 30% 7 g/day higher intake of total fibre is associated with a 9% lower risk of IHD and a 10 g/day higher fibre intake is associated with a 16% lower risk of stroke and a 6% lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus effective physical activities 150 to 300 min. of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise each week lead to a 31% reduction in all-cause mortality Secondary prevention ACVR programs, based on regular exercising, have reduced total mortality 15- 28%, cardiovascular mortality 26-31% Non-inclusion of the patient in the secondary prevention program ACVR has increased mortality 28% The increase of BMI about 5kg/m2 leads to increase of mortality risk about 30% and about 40% risk of IHD, stroke and other vascular diseasesTogether: 80% of cardiovascular diseases can be prevented with healthy lifestyle habits.
Blood pressure is the most common condition from which many of us must suffer, it is also called hypertension. In this condition blood force against the walls of blood vessels is quite high which affect our health. High blood pressure increases the risk of having heart problems. There are various risk factors for high blood pressure not similar from person to person. Intake of unhealthy things such as alcohol, smoking and consumption of high calorie diet can become a risk factor for high blood pressure. Disturbed sleep apnea in which you are not taking enough sleep necessary for your health cause pressure in blood. Obese person weight puts extra pressure on heart which leads to hypertension. Many diabetic patients suffer with hypertension too. These factors can be avoided but there are some risk factors which cannot modifiable such as older age increases risk of high blood. Family history or genetic problems are unnegotiable risk factors. To treat high blood pressure there must a need to change lifestyle in a positive way. It is important to be aware itself and educate people that high blood pressure is not a disease, it can control by taking some preventional measures and by implicating a famous proverb on itself which is “Prevention is better than cure”. To avoid HBP encourage yourself for positive modification such as eating a proper nutritional diet, focus on daily exercise and if you are diabetic and having another disease then take care of your medication. Medication is also a way for treating HBP which can be used for unmodified risk factors but not forget to use them without a doctor's prescription. Blood pressure machines also helpful in keeping strict eye on varying blood pressure.
Hypertension is a serious medical condition that increases the risk of other diseases such as heart, kidney and brain disease and is a leading cause of premature death worldwide. Differences in the demographics, customs and habits of the people in an area result in differences in the main risk factor for hypertension. Based on data from Profile Non- Communicable Disease Indonesia in 2018, Bali has the highest prevalence of hypertension among the southeastern islands of the Indonesia country, which is 18.7%. Based on Bali Province Health Profile in 2018, Denpasar municipality has the second highest prevalence of hypertension in Bali, which is 16.7%. West Denpasar Primary Health Care Center II has the highest cases of hypertension in Denpasar Municipality. Banjar Pengiasan has the most cases of hypertension in the service area of West Denpasar Primary Health Care Center II with 286 cases. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for hypertension among the people in the Banjar Pengiasan community. We used a community based cross-sectional study with a sample of 125 people selected using simple random sampling was conducted among adults 30 years and older living in Banjar Pengiasan in July until October 2019. The study collected data on sociodemographic, stress, food and physical activity using questionnaire. The questionnaires used were the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, 24-Hour Food Recall, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and total blood cholesterol measurements were performed following standard procedures. Multiple logistic regression was used for analysis and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to identify risk factors associated with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 67.2%. The logistic regression analysis shows age [OR=18.576 (CI95% 2.955-116.782)], family history [OR=10.480 (CI95% 1.106-99.288)], total blood cholesterol [OR=12.628 (CI 95% 2.406-66.279)], obesity [OR=4.750 (CI95% 1.240-20.060)], salt consumption [OR=6.069 (CI95% 1.162-31.689)], physical activity [OR=9.191 (CI95% 1.360-62.108)] and coffee consumption [OR=5.833 (CI95% 1.031-33.009)] significantly associated with hypertension. Non-risk factors for hypertension include smoking, sex, and stress. Smoking is not a risk factor for hypertension as the majority of the sample were female whereas smoking is generally done by men. The majority smokers in this study used filter cigarettes. Sex and stress are not risk factors for hypertension because all variables were analyzed simultaneously and there were other variables that were stronger risk factors for hypertension. In this study, it was found that being >60years age, high total blood cholesterol, family history, low physical activity, high salt consumption, coffee consumption, and obesity are risk factors for hypertension. With these hypertension risk factors having been identified, it is expected that preventive efforts can be made to reduce the prevalence of hypertension
