Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, in use for over a century, occupies a paradoxical position in global health. It protects infants against disseminated tuberculosis (TB) with 60–80
The primary objective was to estimate the proportion of children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) responding to oral cyclophosphamide, while secondary objectives were to document adverse effects, evaluate relapse-free survival following therapy, and assess outcomes at the last follow-up. In this retrospective cohort study, 100 children aged 1–18 years with FRNS or SDNS who received oral cyclophosphamide (cumulative dose ≤168 mg/kg) between 2010 and 2023 at a pediatric nephrology clinic were included. Demographic characteristics, previous treatments, adverse effects, and relapse patterns were retrieved from medical records. Response was defined as being relapse-free and off steroids for ≥6 months after completion of cyclophosphamide therapy, while sustained remission was defined as absence of relapse for ≥2 years. The median (q1, q3) age at onset of nephrotic syndrome was 4 (2.5, 6) years, and oral cyclophosphamide was initiated at 8 (7, 10) years. The response rate to oral cyclophosphamide was 67
