Introduction: Organizations require business models that support their long-term sustainability and competitiveness. In this context, a system dynamics model is applied to a Colombian company dedicated to the distribution of hardware products, as support for a commercial expansion strategy. Objective: To estimate demand by considering historical data and external factors that influence its behavior. Methodology: The research was developed in three phases. First, a causal diagram was built to represent the relationships among the variables that affect demand. Subsequently, a Forrester model was constructed using flow, level, and auxiliary variables to simulate 20 years of company operations. Finally, information was analyzed by product portfolio sublines, the simulation was executed, and a sensitivity analysis was performed on relevant parameters. Results: The simulation made it possible to project demand behavior and demonstrate the contribution of system dynamics as a tool to support strategic decision-making. The results show that technology-mediated integration of suppliers and customers may support the planning of logistics infrastructure, distribution centers, vehicle fleets, and inventories. Conclusions: The model developed made it possible to project demand for the company´s product lines and analyze the effect of a growth strategy based on supply chain integration. System dynamics facilitates the evaluation of expansion scenarios and supports decisions aimed at improving the efficiency of suppliers, customers, and logistics operations.
Introduction: Acetaminophen is an emerging contaminant of growing concern due to its presence and persistence in water bodies. Conventional wastewater treatment processes have limitations in removing pharmaceutical compounds and may achieve low levels of mineralization, favoring the formation of potentially toxic intermediate by-products. In this context, catalytic ozonation emerges as an advanced technology to improve their degradation and mineralization.Objective: To analyze the behavior and efficiency of ozonation and catalytic ozonation processes for the removal of acetaminophen from wastewater.Methodology: A total of 82 scientific articles published between 1988 and 2025 were collected through a systematic search in Scopus. The information was processed using VOSviewer to characterize research trends and structure a specialized technical review.Results: The bibliometric results showed a sustained increase in scientific interest since 2013, with a peak between 2017 and 2022, mainly associated with ozonation, pharmaceuticals, and wastewater treatment. The technical review confirmed the limitations of conventional biological treatments for recalcitrant compounds such as acetaminophen. In contrast, catalytic ozonation, particularly using catalysts such as magnetite, showed greater degradation and mineralization capacity, reaching up to 99.2%, compared with approximately 51% COD reduction reported for simple ozonation.Conclusions: Catalytic ozonation is positioned as a promising alternative for the advanced treatment of wastewater containing pharmaceutical contaminants.
Introduction: The debate on the current global crisis and the energy transition (ET) is typically approached from a corporate and technocratic perspective that emphasizes supply and demand and the replacement of fossil fuel sources. This model overlooks the fact that 21st-century energy and food solutions must challenge power structures and promote social justice. In response, the Just Energy Transition (JET) has emerged, rooted in grassroots environmentalism and opposed to extraction models that increase the exploitation of fossil fuels and minerals in the Global South. In Colombia, the JET is expressed through energy communities, where agroecology, food sovereignty (FS), and energy sovereignty (ES) converge. Objective: This paper reflects on the contributions of these concepts to the debate on a JET in non-interconnected zones (NIZs) in Colombia. Methodology: To this end, the following are analyzed: i) trends in ET; ii) the Colombian context; iii) the convergence between agroecology, FS, and ES; and iv) concrete experiences in the country. Results: The findings showed that in the energy communities, these approaches represent a commitment to peace with nature and external independence in regions such as La Guajira, Santander, Córdoba, and Nariño, where processes of self-management and community defense of the territory are present. Conclusions: Greater political commitment is needed to expand these initiatives to additional NIZs areas, which account for 22,7% of the country and disproportionately affect rural populations, particularly women.
Introducción: la sustitución de motores de combustión interna por sistemas de propulsión eléctrica constituye una alternativa para mejorar la eficiencia energética y reducir los costos operativos y las emisiones en aeronaves deportivas ligeras (LSA).Objetivo: Evaluar la viabilidad técnica, económica y ambiental de sustituir un motor de gasolina por un motor eléctrico alimentado por batería en una aeronave MXP-150.Metodología: se realizó una caracterización energética de una aeronave MXP-150 equipada con un motor ROTAX® 912 ULS de 100 hp, mediante el análisis de 20 ciclos de vuelo reales. Se determinó el consumo de combustible y la demanda energética para una hora de vuelo, y se estimó la energía obtenible del AVGAS® 100LL consumido. Posteriormente, se compararon la eficiencia térmica del motor de combustión interna y la eficiencia electromecánica de un motor ROTEX REB-90 de 80 kW y 93 % de eficiencia. Finalmente, se analizaron los costos operativos y las emisiones de CO₂.Resultados: se obtuvo un consumo de 2,60 L de combustible y una demanda neta de energía de 8,29 kWh por circuito de tráfico aéreo. Esta demanda puede ser atendida mediante un sistema de baterías acoplado al motor eléctrico. Se determinó una mejora aproximada del 60 % en la eficiencia energética, una reducción del 67 % en los costos operativos por hora de vuelo y la eliminación de las emisiones directas de propulsión, evitando 41,11 kg de CO₂ por hora.Conclusiones: la sustitución propuesta presenta viabilidad técnica, económica y ambiental bajo las condiciones analizadas.
Introduction: Bread improvers based on emulsifiers and enzymes are widely used to enhance dough performance and delay staling; however, their synergistic effects on texture stability during storage are not yet fully understood.Objective: To evaluate the effect of different combinations of emulsifiers and enzyme systems on dough properties, bread quality, and texture stability during storage.Methodology: Six formulations combining Distilled Monoglycerides (DMG90), Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate (SSL), Diacetyl Tartaric Acid Esters of Mono- and Diglycerides (DATEM), soy lecithin, and two enzyme systems were evaluated and compared with a commercial bread improver. Dough properties were analyzed using farinograph parameters, while bread quality was assessed through physicochemical measurements, color analysis, texture profile analysis, and firmness during storage.Results: The DMG90–SSL–maltogenic α-amylase formulation showed the best performance, with greater dough stability and development time, as well as lower crumb hardness and firmness. No significant differences were observed in moisture content or specific volume. During storage, this formulation exhibited lower firmness than the commercial improver, highlighting a synergistic effect between emulsifiers and enzymes.Conclusions: The DMG90–SSL–maltogenic α-amylase system represents a technologically viable alternative to commercial bread improvers, improving dough performance and preserving bread softness during storage.
