Semi-graphs of anabelioids of PSC-type and their PSC-fundamental groups (i.e., a combinatorial Galois-category-theoretic abstraction of pointed stable curves over algebraically closed fields of characteristic zero and their fundamental groups) are central objects in the study of combinatorial anabelian geometry. In the present series of papers, which consists of two successive works, we investigate combinatorial anabelian geometry of (not necessarily bijective) continuous homomorphisms between PSC-fundamental groups. This contrasts with previous researches, which focused only on continuous isomorphisms. More specifically, our main results of the present series of papers roughly state that, if a continuous homomorphism between PSC-fundamental groups is compatible with certain outer representations, then it satisfies a certain “group-theoretic compatibility property”, i.e., the property that each of the images via the continuous homomorphism of certain VCN-subgroups of the domain are included in certain VCN-subgroups of the codomain. Such results may be considered as Hom-versions of the combinatorial version of the Grothendieck conjecture established in some previous works. As in the case of previous works (i.e., the Isom-versions), the proof requires different techniques depending on the types of outer representations under consideration. In the present paper, we will treat the case where the outer representations under consideration are assumed to be “l-graphically full”, i.e., to satisfy a certain condition concerning “weights” considered with respect to the “l-adic cyclotomic character”, where l is a certain prime number. In addition, to prepare for this purpose, we include detailed expositions on “reduction techniques”, namely, techniques of reduction to the maximal pro-Σ quotients and to the abelianizations of (various open subgroups of) the PSC-fundamental groups under consideration, where Σ is a certain set of prime numbers. Though the discussions of these “reduction techniques” are all essentially well-known to experts, we present the results in a highly unified/generalized fashion.
A hyperbolic polyhedron is called π/3-equiangular if all its dihedral angles are equal to π/3. We find a sequence {Pn} of π/3-equiangular polyhedra different from the sequence Atkinson found in [4]. Atkinson [4] showed that ideal regular tetrahedron P1 has the smallest volume among all π/3-equiangular hyperbolic polyhedra. In this paper, we show that ideal regular cube P2 has the second smallest volume and pentagonal prism has the third smallest volume among π/3-equiangular polyhedra. Moreover, we have shown that the reflection groups obtained from {Pn} are arithmetic and that of pentagonal prism is non-arithmetic.
In the present paper, we continue our study, which was initiated in the previous paper of the present series of papers, of combinatorial anabelian geometry of (not necessarily bijective) continuous homomorphisms between PSC-fundamental groups of semi-graphs of anabelioids of PSC-type. In particular, we continue to study certain Hom-versions of the combinatorial versions of the Grothendieck conjecture established in some previous works, i.e., to study certain sufficient conditions for certain group-theoretic compatibility properties described in terms of outer representations. The outer representations we mainly concern in the present paper are of PIPSC-type and of NN-type, both of which are of substantial importance in the study of algebro-geometric anabelian geometry of configuration spaces of hyperbolic curves. We also include, as a preparation for one of the main results, a presentation of a “reduction technique”, namely, a technique of reduction to the “compactified quotients” of (various open subgroups of) the PSC-fundamental groups under consideration, in a similar vein to the previous paper where we included other two “reduction techniques”.
In the paper, we investigate the uniqueness of an entire function of relatively slow growth as it shares a small entire function with a linear differential polynomial. The investigation is inspired by a conjecture of R. Brück.
In this paper, we give a unicity theorem of two holomorphic maps on two open Riemann surfaces with conformal metrics, which share a family of hypersurfaces {Qj}j=1q in Pn(C) located in N-subgeneral position. Furthermore, motivated by the value distribution properties of the Gauss maps for K-quasiregular harmonic surfaces in [5], we give a unicity result for K-quasiregular harmonic surfaces in R3.
