The heating and melting of reactive alloys in a cold crucible are considered in this study to produce a continuous melt stream as feed to a gas atomiser. A pre-heated rod of material enters the crucible at a rate equal to the amount of mass leaving as a liquid stream through the outlet. An induction coil is used to melt the contents of the crucible, which then pours out as a stream to enter a gas atomizer. The outlet nozzle may be controlled using an induction valve, operating at a different AC frequency. The concept is tested through simulations using titanium and a nickel superalloy as model materials. Tables 1, Figs 10, Refs 8.
A numerical simulation of silicon crystal growth in a specific Czochralski furnace was carried out. The experimental process involves a melting stage, a holding stage to homogenize the melt by electromagnetic stirring and, finally, a solidification stage by pulling the seed upwards to obtain a single crystal. Enthalpy formulation with moved and deformed mesh technique is used for numerical simulations of the phase-change problems. However, only the stage of solidification under the effect for forced convection driven by an external travelling magnetic field was numerically investigated. The proposed numerical model has demonstrated its effectiveness in predicting the effect of electromagnetic stirring on the solidification process in terms of thermal field, dynamic field and shape and localization of the solidification front. Unfortunately, due to the lack of experimental measurements, the results obtained by numerical simulation have not been yet validated. Tables 1, Figs 7, Refs 14.
A design of a new type of liquid metal electromagnetic pump for medium flowrates and moderate pressure heads has been developed. The major difference compared to existing concepts is that the central iron core, which closes the magnetic flux lines, is fabricated from a single iron piece, which may freely rotate in order to avoid magnetization losses. The pump was designed and manufactured at KIT and tested in the liquid metal NaK loop of the MEKKA facility. Its performance curve (pressure head vs. flowrate) and efficiency have been determined for a variety of frequencies and magnitudes of applied 3-phase current. Figs 7, Refs 8.
This study investigates the influence of a non-uniform static magnetic field on bubble dynamics during cavitation, focusing specifically on bubble oscillation. Using a numerical simulation approach, we applied a magnetic field to a low pressure bubble inside a large volume of fluid to follow oscillation of the bubble's radius neglecting liquid--gas mass exchange. Our simulations showed impacts of the magnetic field on the bubble dynamics slightly affecting the minimum bubble radius and implosion dynamics. This modification might be related to the shock wave modification. Figs 4, Refs 23.
This study investigates a high-flowrate, multi-channel electromagnetic permanent magnet pump (EMP) by comparing experimental and numerical results obtained using an electrical potential (inductionless) method. Experimental data, including pressure, flowrate, power, temperature, and magnet system rotation speed, were collected using EMP in the TESLA-EMP loop at the Institute of Physics, University of Latvia (IPUL) in Salaspils. A numerical calculation under linebreak the same conditions was performed using the COMSOL Multiphysics commercial software. A steady-state MHD calculation, employing the k-ε turbulence model while neglecting the induced magnetic field was performed. The results indicate qualitatively good agreement in the developed pressure under insulating inner wall conditions, suggesting a poor electrical contact between the sub-channels and a relatively low slip magnetic Reynolds number. Figs 9, Refs 4.
