In this work, we study the nonreciprocal superconducting diode effect in the meso-superconducting regime, with dimensionality [Formula: see text] (space and time) in three real dimensions, with inclusion of external current [Formula: see text] laterally in the presence of an external applied constant magnetic field [Formula: see text] for a superconducting meso-wedge geometry. We carry out the variation of two polarities for the external current ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), for which we study the first critical current [Formula: see text] as a function of the external magnetic field. Additionally, we study the variation of the slope of the meso-wedge, describing the configuration that optimizes the efficiency of the diode effect. Finally, we study the Meissner current ([Formula: see text]), the order parameter [Formula: see text], and the total current in the presence of an external current, which allows us to describe the diode effect in this geometry phenomenologically.
In this work, we study an extended [Formula: see text]-dimensional nonlinear shallow water wave equation arising in fluid dynamics and systematically derive a variety of solitary wave solutions. A rich class of exact solutions is achieved using similarity variable reduction via Lie symmetry analysis. The optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras from one class is constructed. This is followed by the Kumar–Malik method, which yields bright, dark, periodic, and singular solutions. Graphical simulations, presented as 2D, 3D surface, and contour plots, show the dynamical features and structural diversity of the solutions. Series solutions of a reduced partial differential equation and of the corresponding ordinary differential equation are also obtained, providing further analytical insight into the behavior of the proposed model. Furthermore, the stability properties and qualitative transitions of the corresponding reduced nonlinear dynamical system are studied through bifurcation analysis. Chaotic behavior is also studied to show the complex and sensitive dependence of the system on its parameters. The results significantly enlarge the solution space of the proposed model and show its effectiveness in capturing complex multidimensional wave phenomena and nonlinear dynamical behavior in fluid systems.
This investigation addresses an important gap in the current literature on nanofluids, particularly regarding their interactions and associated computational models. The aim of the presented study is to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the thermal attributes of a ternary nanofluid. The analysis looks at how electro-magnetohydrodynamics affects a porous material surface while following different heat flow conditions. This research uses the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm along with a back-propagation artificial neural network (BPA-ANN) after adjusting the settings through various AI training methods. We apply similarity transformations to derive ordinary differential equations from nonlinear governing partial differential equations. We then use modified finite difference discretization to numerically evaluate the resultant equations. At elevated levels of the Forchheimer parameter, the velocity profile exhibits a marked decline attributable to heightened frictional forces. The Biot number augments the thermal state and boundary layer. A [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] rise in thermal transfer efficiency is reported for the ternary, hybrid, and mono nanofluids. The proposed paper improves the understanding of CFD issues through the development of an innovative computational structure that amalgamates ANNs with numerical simulations, thereby providing superior precision and effectiveness in modeling and forecasting fluid behavior within intricate physical frameworks.
Compact and high-efficiency thermal systems are the need of innovative heat transfer enhancement mechanisms. Dimpled enclosures are important due to their ability to intensify flow recirculation, disrupt thermal boundary layers, and promote enhanced convective transport. This study provides a comprehensive thermal and hydrodynamic analysis of ternary nanofluid flow within two-dimensional and three-dimensional dimpled enclosures containing a rotating cylindrical obstacle under the influence of magnetic field. This study further aims to establish a comparative understanding between 2D and 3D thermal behaviors and energy transport efficiency. The governing equations for assumed nanofluid are formulated under appropriate thermophysical assumptions. The numerical framework is developed through the Galerkin method. This enables accurate spatial discretization of the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) within dimpled domains. The thermal and flow characteristics are evaluated using velocity contours, isotherm distributions, streamline structures.
Semiconductor quantum electronics have been intensively investigated to address fundamental quantum-mechanical problems as well as to realize quantum devices, such as single-electron transistors and spin qubits. Conventionally, GaAs heterostructures have been the primary material platform for these studies, as well-developed fabrication technologies enable highly coherent electron transport and dimensional control through electrostatic gating. More recently, Si heterostructures have been adopted for spin qubits, as the low density of nuclear spins in Si isotopes suppresses the decoherence caused by hyperfine interactions. This review introduces electrostatically defined quantum devices based on ZnO heterostructures, with a particular focus on electrostatically defined quantum dots. Similar to Si, ZnO contains low-density nuclear spins, and high-quality ZnO heterostructures comparable to those of GaAs and Si are currently available. Several key techniques, including the fabrication of a gate insulator and nanoscale gate electrodes, have also been developed to electrostatically confine electrons within a nanoscale region. Consequently, one-dimensional (1D) and zero-dimensional (0D) confinements have recently been achieved in ZnO heterostructures, and typical quantized electrical transport phenomena, such as quantized step structures in the conductance of 1D channels and Coulomb blockade in 0D structures, have been observed. In addition, several unique properties associated with electron correlation have been revealed in ZnO heterostructures. Finally, we remark on the prospects of the electrostatically defined quantum devices using ZnO heterostructures by emphasizing their distinctive properties in comparison with those of conventional semiconductors.
