The aim of this study was to evaluate grain yield, ecological plasticity, and stability often durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars in multi-environment trials in terms of their suitability for dissemination under the conditions of the Western region of Ukraine. Field experiments were conducted over two growing seasons (2023-2024 and 2024-2025) at three agroecologically distinct locations, which in combination with years constituted six environments. Grain yield data were analyzed using combined analysis of variance and parametric stability approaches, including the Eberhart-Russell regression model and a set of nine stability parameters. The ANOVA results revealed a predominant contribution of the genotype effect to grain yield formation (over 90% of the total variation), while the effects of environment and genotype & times; environment interaction were statistically significant but comparatively smaller. Analysis of the G & times; E structure indicated the dominance of a linear, predictable component, suggesting that cultivar responses to changing growing conditions can be adequately described using regression coefficients. The cultivars differed markedly in their levels of plasticity and stability: high-yielding genotypes exhibited specific adaptation to favorable environments, whereas more stable cultivars produced moderate yield levels. The obtained results confirm the relevance of an integrated assessment of durum wheat cultivars that combines yield performance, stability, and plasticity as a scientifically sound basis for cultivar recommendation under conditions of increasing climatic variability.
Modern biologized technologies require the implementation of scientifically sound measures that combine agrotechnical, chemical and biological methods, which makes this issue extremely relevant. The aim of the article was to evaluate the effectiveness of various forms of the drug Lipaktiv in combination with soil and insurance herbicides compared to the effect of Liposam on sunflower, soybean and corn crops for grain. Field and laboratory tests were conducted during 2021-2024 on the basis of the scientific research farm "Agronomichne" of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, located in the village ofAgronomichne, Vinnytsia region. The main indicators were: The number of weeds and their death, according to standard methods. It was established that in experiments with sunflower, with natural moistening with an additional 100 mm of precipitation, 19 +/- 4 weeds/m2 were recorded on the control plot without the use of Liposam. The use of Liposam extra reduced this indicator to 12 +/- 3 weeds/m2, which is 7 units less. The best result was obtained when combining the soil herbicide with Liposam ultra 9 +/- 1 weeds/m2, which is 10 units less than the control. In the variant with the herbicide guardian tetra and Liposam, there was an average of 14 +/- 3 weeds/m2. On soybean crops, the combination of the herbicide with Liposam at doses of 0.5 and 0.8 l/ha turned out to be the best-the difference between these variants was insignificant. A similar picture was observed on corn crops. The results showed that the combination of the soil herbicide with the adhesive Liposam does not significantly affect the density of seedlings. The most effective 30 days after application was the use of Liposam ultra in combination with the herbicide, with a minimum level of weediness 9 +/- 1 pcs/m2. On soybeans and corn, the best results were also shown by the use of Liposam in doses of 0.5-0.8 l/ha. The minimum number of weeds on corn14 +/- 3 pcs/m2 was recorded in the variant with Liposam ultra 0.5 l/ha and additional moistening. The proposed agrotechnical approaches based on elements can be effectively implemented to improve the technologies for growing grain crops, in particular sunflower, soybeans and corn.
The aim of the research was to conduct a comparative evaluation of winter wheat varieties regarding their ability to consistently realize yield potential depending on the level of mineral nutrition and the mechanisms of formation of the main yield components. It was established that winter wheat yield was most closely related to productive tillering density and grain weight per spike, whereas the effect of thousand kernel weight was variety-specific. A two-factor regression model including productive tillering and grain weight per spike demonstrated high explanatory power (R2=0.98-0.99) for all studied varieties. However, the magnitude of residual variance differed significantly, indicating different yield formation mechanisms. The obtained results justify the feasibility of a differentiated approach to mineral fertilization of winter wheat considering varietal peculiarities of yield formation.
Based on the combined assessment of energy value, the potential for increasing potato production as a food product per unit area, and excellent and good culinary qualities, an evaluation of potato varieties of different maturity groups was carried out. The dependence of these indicators on the maturity group and genotype was established. The classification of potato varieties according to culinary and consumer type, oriented toward specific consumer requirements, provides opportunities to enhance the competitiveness of newly zoned potato varieties in the modern food market. The research was conducted under the conditions of the North-Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Sumy region) during 2021-2023 with the cultivation of potato varieties belonging to different maturity groups. According to culinary and consumer classification, most of the studied varieties were assigned to types A, B, and C. In terms of productivity, mid-season varieties predominated (Sifra-20.2 thousand kcal/ha and Jelly-19.1 thousand kcal/ha), demonstrating the highest energy yield. The Sifra variety exhibited the maximum caloric content (58.3 kcal/100 g). To obtain maximum profit per unit area (based on energy indicators), it is advisable to select the Sifra variety. For the early production market, the most suitable varieties are Colomba and Anushka, despite their lower caloric content. Bernina represents a stable "mid-range" variety with high consumer characteristics, making it attractive for retail markets.
Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease that affects millions of people in the Middle East. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antiparasitic impact of Moringa oleifera and Curcuma longa on Fasciola hepatica-infected rats. Rats were divided into four groups: Uninfected negative control; infected untreated positive control; infected and treated with C. longa extract; infected and treated with M. oleifera seed extract. The liver enzymatic activity, egg count, and histopathological impact in infected and uninfected groups were determined, and the therapeutic efficacy was assessed. The study outcomes showed that the treated groups had fewer histopathological markers of Fasciola infection than the untreated group. Furthermore, the treated groups had much-reduced amounts of Fasciola egg in feces, and liver enzymes were retrained near the normal range. This effect was more pronounced in the M. oleifera extract group compared to the C. longa extract group. M. oleifera extracts have demonstrated promising efficacy in the treatment of fascioliasis in animal models.
