Lykopodiofity (Lycopodiopsida) to najstarsza współcześnie istniejąca linia roślin waskularnych. Stanowi relikt filogenetyczny, umożliwiający analizę ewolucji procesów zachodzących u roślin lądowych. Monografia Lykopodiofity Polski przedstawia aktualny stan badań nad tą grupą roślin i stanowi obszerne kompendium wiedzy na ich temat. Wprowadza nowoczesne ujęcie systematyki Lycopodiopsida (do tej pory nieaktualizowanej w opracowaniach polskich) oraz aktualne dane o ich biologii i biochemii. Szczegółowe opracowania obejmują zaktualizowaną listę notowanych w Polsce taksonów rodzimych, w tym 8 gatunków, 2 podgatunki i 3 mieszańce widłaków jednakozarodnikowych (Lycopodiales), 2 gatunki widliczek (Selaginellales) i 2 gatunki poryblinów (Isoëtales), a także 2 gatunki obcych widliczek notowanych w Polsce oraz 2 gatunki ulegające naturalizacji w krajach ościennych, których wystąpienie w Polsce jest prawdopodobne. Monografia zawiera oryginalne klucze umożliwiające identyfikację lykopodiofitów, szczegółowe opisy morfologiczne, dane dotyczące biologii, uwarunkowań siedliskowych, ekologii oraz fitocenoz, w których występują, analizę rozmieszczenia na świecie i w Polsce, informacje dotyczące metabolitów wtórnych, które są obecnie obiektem intensywnych badań, a także zastosowań lykopodiofitów w tradycji ludowej oraz współczesnej medycynie. Ponadto w opracowaniu przedstawiono informacje o zagrożeniach gatunków i ich ochronie prawnej w Polsce. Przedstawiona synteza wyników dotychczasowych badań może posłużyć geobotanikom i taksonomom roślin jako punkt odniesienia i inspiracja do dalszych analiz.
AbstractThe neotropical orchid genusTelipogonKunth was established in 1815 and currently comprises more than 250 species. Representatives of this genus are generally epiphytic plants lacking pseudobulbs. The stem is either abbreviated or elongate and the leaves are conduplicate. Flowers are usually resupinate with small sepals and petals similar to the lip, but sometimes different. The gynostemium is covered by stiff or soft hairs. This monograph is a presentation of taxonomic diversity of the orchid genusTelipogonin Colombia and adjecent areas. Morphological characteristics of a total of 96Telipogonspecies from Colombia are presented together with information about over 50 taxa found in neighboring countries. A brief discussion of an additional seven taxa described in Colombia, but insufficiently characterized, is also given. Illustrations of perianth segments of almost all national genus representatives are provided. Twenty-five species are described in this paper for the first time –Telipogon alinae,T. bicallosus,T. bugalagrandei,T. castanedoi,T. chimborazoensis,T. cocuyensis,T. cuatrecasasii,T. fassetti,T. fernandezii,T. flabellatus,T. garayi,T. hirsutus,T. huertasii,T. idroboi,T. killipi,T. kraenzlinianus,T. orozcoi,T. pasquillensis,T. schlimii,T. spathipetala,T. sumapazensis,T. tolimensis,T. trianae,T. trilabiatus, andT. verrucosus. Several morphologically consistent groups are distinguished to facilitate identification ofTelipogonrepresentatives. Keys for determination of species within each group are provided.
The riparian tall herb fringe communities of the order Convolvuletalia sepium represent an integral part of the natural vegetation in river valleys. The major objective of this study was to assess the relationships between the diversity and variability of these communities and various environmental factors. The survey was conducted in northwestern Poland, along 101 randomly selected 1–2-km long sections of 24 rivers and the Szczecin Lagoon. Samples were collected in 2008–2013 in all types of tall herb fringe vegetation found in the surveyed river sections. Data collected included hydrogeomorphic variables, soil parameters, potential and actual vegetation, and dominant land use form. A total of 24 vegetation units were documented, based on 300 sample plots (relevés). Tall herb fringe communities occurring in valleys of large rivers (Senecionetum fluviatilis, Fallopio-Cucubaletum bacciferi, Achilleo salicifoliae-Cuscutetum lupuliformis, Convolvulo sepium-Cuscutetum europaeae typicum and chaerophylletosum bulbosi subass. nov., Rubus caesius community, Solidago gigantea community) exhibited floristic and ecological differences in comparison with plant communities from small rivers (Eupatorietum cannabini typicum, aegopodietosum and cardaminetosum amarae subass. nov., Epilobio hirsuti-Convolvuletum sepium, Soncho palustris-Archangelicetum litoralis, Convolvulo sepium-Cuscutetum europaeae aegopodietosum, Urtico-Convolvuletum sepium typicum and aegopodietosum, Urtica dioica community, Galeopsis speciosa community, Rubus idaeus community). This finding fully justified their division into two alliances: the Senecionion fluviatilis and the Archangelicion litoralis, respectively. Significant differences between the tall herb fringe communities associated with large rivers and the plant communities occurring along small rivers included plant species richness, moss layer cover, contribution of river corridor plants, level of invasion, influence of adjacent plant communities on the floristic composition, relative elevation and distance away from the riverbed, degree of shading, proportions of all grain size fractions, soil pH, contents of organic matter, humus, organic carbon, total nitrogen, bioavailable phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in the soil. The differences in environmental characteristics of individual plant communities were significant as well; they showed that most vegetation units were well defined. The variables that best discriminated between riparian tall herb fringe communities included the natural potential vegetation unit Salici-Populetum, headwater seeps, soil pH, sample elevation above the river water level, river size, flooding, degree of shading, soil moisture, K2O and CaO contents, and C/N ratio. The integration of the main riparian gradients (longitudinal, lateral, vertical) and patch perspective (e.g., natural potential vegetation units, and land use forms) significantly improved the comprehensive riparian vegetation patterns, because these two perspectives underpin different processes shaping the vegetation. This study contributed significantly to the knowledge of riparian tall herb fringe communities. Two subassociations are described here for the first time, whereas six others have not been previously reported from Poland. The data summarized in the synoptic table indicated that the species diagnostic for individual plant communities should be revised at the supra-regional scale. Some syntaxonomic issues were also determined. The inclusion of the order Convolvuletalia sepium to the class Epilobietea angustifolii resolved the problem of classifying the community dominated by Eupatorium cannabinum, a species showing two ecological optima: one in riparian tall herb communities and the other in natural gaps of the tree stands and clearings of fertile alder carrs and riparian woodlands. This also resolved the problem of classifying the communities dominated by Galeopsis speciosa and Rubus idaeus, intermediate between riparian tall herb and clearing communities. The results of this study may serve as a reference for management of the vegetation in river valleys and promote their conservation. They may also be essential for any future syntaxonomic revision of riparian tall herb fringe communities at a larger geographical extent.
This monograph presents the results of research on the morphological and anatomical variability, ecology, and distribution of Opegrapha s. l. in Poland. The study is based on roughly 1,400 specimens from Polish and some European herbaria. Out of the 18 species of the genus Opegrapha s. l. recorded from Poland, seven species belong to the genus Opegrapha Ach., four species now belong to the genus Alyxoria Ach. ex Gray, two species each are found in the genera Arthonia Ach. and Zwackhia Körb, and one species belongs to each of the genera Gyrographa Ertz & Tehler, Phacographa Hafellner, and Pseudoschismatomma Ertz & Tehler. One of the species, Zwackhia sorediifera, has been reported from Poland for the first time. Among the 18 species of the genus Opegrapha s. l., 10 are epiphytic, five epilithic, and two lichenicolous. The first modern identification key for the species of Opegrapha s. l. in Poland is presented. Numerous new regional records are provided that complement our knowledge of the geographic distribution of some poorly known taxa, such as Alyxoria culmigena, A. mougeotii, A. ochrocheila, Arthonia calcarea, Opegrapha dolomitica, O. geographicola, O. lithyrga, and Phacographa glaucomaria. All species are characterized and discussed, and their diagnostic characters illustrated. Geographic ranges of each species in Poland are presented on maps based on revised herbarium materials.
