ABSTRACT Purpose To compare outputs and evaluate the intersession reliability of macular vascular metrics from the Erlangen‐Angio (EA)‐tool and the optical coherence tomography angiography vascular analyser (OCTAVA) Tool in glaucoma. Methods Ninety‐three participants with open‐angle glaucoma from the Individualised Perimetry Progression Observations in Glaucoma study were included. Macular 10° × 10° OCTA scans from the first two visits (113 ± 26 days apart) and central visual field sensitivities from the first visit were analyzed. Macular vessel density (VD) in four sectors (superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and circularity were quantified using the EA and OCTAVA tools using the same set of OCTA images. Linear mixed‐effects models assessed tool‐related differences across sectors and visits; reliability was assessed with repeatability coefficient (CRw), intraclass correlation (ICC), and coefficient of variation (CV); and linear regression examined associations between central visual field sensitivity and average VD. Results OCTAVA reported higher VD estimates than the EA‐tool overall, with a mean difference of 8.42% ( p < 0.001). The CRw values for sectoral VD and FAZ metrics ranged from 0.09 to 7.65 for EA and 0.11–9.53 for OCTAVA, with overlapping ICC confidence intervals and comparable CV values between the two tools. Higher average VD was associated with better central visual field sensitivity (EA: β = 0.38; OCTAVA: β = 0.57; p < 0.001), where β denotes the regression coefficient. Conclusions OCTAVA consistently produced higher VD estimates than EA across macular sectors. VD showed good repeatability and strong structure–function associations, supporting its use for longitudinal monitoring. FAZ area demonstrated acceptable reliability. In contrast, FAZ circularity did not meet reliability criteria and should not be used for progression assessment with either tool.
ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the quantity of radioactive lysozyme deposited on various rigid corneal lenses, and the impact of using a care solution containing a surfactant. Methods Seven rigid corneal lens materials were investigated in this study. Lenses were soaked in an artificial tear solution (ATS), containing, among other components, radioactively labelled 125 I‐lysozyme, for 18 h at 37°C, followed by a soak for 6 h in saline. Alternatively, a one‐step peroxide‐based disinfection solution, which contains a poloxamer as a surfactant, was used in place of saline to determine the impact of use of a care solution on deposition. This process of soaking in the ATS followed by soaking in saline or the care solution was repeated for 30 cycles to simulate one month of lens wear. The amount of radioactive lysozyme remaining on the different lenses after 30 cycles was then quantified through gamma radiation counts. Results Use of radioactively labelled 125 I‐lysozyme allowed for quantification of protein down to 0.19 μg/lens. Five of the seven contact lens materials tested showed a significant reduction in the amount of radioactive lysozyme remaining after using the care solution (range 1.33 ± 0.11–2.47 ± 0.13 μg/lens) compared to if only saline was used (range 1.25 ± 0.18–3.21 ± 0.66 μg/lens) after 30 simulated cycles. Conclusions The small amounts of lysozyme deposited on rigid contact lenses can be quantified using radioactively labelled 125 I‐lysozyme. Use of a care solution leads to lower amounts of lysozyme remaining on the lenses compared to saline, however, some lysozyme still remains and is not removed.
ABSTRACT Purpose To quantify transient changes in axial length and choroidal thickness in children after near work and determine whether responses differ between printed and digital tasks. Methods In this prospective, randomized, crossover study, 26 children, ages 13.2 ± 2.2 years (16 nonmyopes, 10 myopes) completed two 30‐min near tasks at 20 cm, reading printed text and digital viewing, separated by a 30‐min distance‐viewing interval. Axial length (LenStar) and choroidal thickness (optical coherence tomography, Spectralis) were measured at baseline and after 10, 20, and 30 min of each task. Accommodative stimulus response functions (2–5 D) were measured objectively. Data were analyzed using repeated‐measures ANOVA. Results Following near work, axial length demonstrated a significant increase ( p < 0.001), evident after 10 min and sustained through 30 min, independent of task type and with no differences between refractive groups. For choroidal thickness, there was no main effect of time or refractive group, but a significant main effect of task ( p = 0.002), with 3 ± 1 μm more thinning following the printed task than the digital task. Furthermore, post hoc analysis showed a significant decrease of −3 ± 1 μm after 10 min of near work ( p = 0.03). Myopic children showed a greater lag in the stimulus response function ( p < 0.03), with a significant difference at 2 and 5 D. Conclusions Near work induced acute axial elongation and choroidal thinning in children, detectable within 10 min. Responses were similar between printed and digital tasks. This study adds to growing evidence that visual behavior may influence early ocular growth signals relevant to myopia development.
