This work notably does not take uniaxial stress as a general tuning parameter but tests its applicability to the actual problem of an InAs hollow spherical quantum dot (HSQD) with the electrostatics due to two interfaces and retaining the discrete nature of the confined spectrum. We relate the model to canonical bulk InAs band parameters, hollow-shell confinement, electron–heavy-hole–light-hole statistics, and finite-level Kubo–Greenwood/Onsager transport as a function of resonant-energy range. Measured over 200–500 K; 0–5 kbar; and two donor densities. For ND = 7.551 × 1015 cm−3, the largest conductivity, power factor, and thermoelectric figure of merit are 117.94 S m−1, 3.599 × 10−6 W m−1 K−2, and ZT = 1.111 × 10−4, respectively, all at 500 K and zero applied stress. We find that increasing [111] stress reduces the band gap and electron effective mass, but is also accompanied by a reduction in interlevel electrical response, thus yielding no stress-enhanced thermoelectric optimum within the search grid. Minority holes become measurable at high temperature (p/n = 0.0584 at the optimum), yet their contribution to the electrical conductivity is still below a few percent of its overall value there. This means that the numerical trends then designate temperature as the main driver of thermoelectric response and [111] stress primarily suppresses σ, PF, and ZT through control. Since the absolute magnitudes depend on the lattice-thermal background that is adopted and on what kind of lifetime one extracts from mobility, those values are regarded as mechanistic predictions for the confined shell, not actual device efficiencies.
This paper presents a comprehensive full-wave simulation and design methodology for Log-Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) fed parabolic reflector antennas targeting high-gain wideband applications, with the specific objectives of quantifying feed–reflector mutual coupling and establishing a repeatable,computationally tractable design procedure. Unlike traditional hybrid approaches that ignore mutual coupling between feed and reflector, apply the pre-existing higher-order Method of Moments (MoM) capabilities of WIPL-D Pro (bilinear quadrilateral patches up to 2λ×2λ and polynomial basis functions up to 8th order) within a newly proposed three-step design procedure for the coupled LPDA-reflector system. The proposed three-step design strategy separately optimizes the LPDA, then the full system, and finally iterates on focal ratio to meet specifications. Consider a 10:1 bandwidth (100 MHz to 1 GHz) and three reflector diameters: D=7.25m (24.2λ), D=21.75m (72.5λ), and D=72.5m (242λ). The optimal LPDA comprises 25 dipoles with total length L=1.75m, scaling factor τ=1.096, and spacing factor σ=0.052, achieving VSWR ≤2.5 across the band (validated against analytical aperture-efficiency theory; independent experimental or cross-solver validation of the full coupled system is identified as a priority for future work). Results demonstrate that mutual coupling degrades low-frequency gain by 2.1 dB for the smallest dish; reducing F/D from 0.5 to 0.4 partially recovers this loss (13.0 dBi → 14.8 dBi), leaving a residual 0.2 dB shortfall against the 15 dBi target and further degrading S11, so the gain specification is not fully met by this adjustment alone. For dishes larger than 21.75 m, coupling effects are negligible. The largest dish (70 m class) requires 600,000 unknowns and simulates in 12 h on a GPU-accelerated desktop; symmetry decomposition reduces this to 1 h. Methodology demonstrates full-wave design of electrically large LPDA-fed reflectors up to 242λ in the three cases studied here; scalability beyond this demonstrated range was not tested. All reported results are numerical (WIPL-D Pro, single solver); no physical prototype was built or measured, and the proposed D/λstop≈30 coupling threshold is interpolated from only three simulated reflector diameters and should be treated as a preliminary design guideline pending validation at intermediate scales.
The effects of the pump mode coupling the top and bottom levels of the atoms and uncorrelated squeezed vacuum reservoirs on the squeezing and mean photon number of nondegenerate three-level laser have been investigated. Applying the c-number cavity mode variable expectation values associated with the normal ordering at steady state, we have determined the quadrature variances and mean photon number sum and difference. The results show that the coherent light that couples the atoms and the uncorrelated squeeze vacuum reservoir enhance the mean photon number and degree of quadrature squeezing of the two- as well as single-mode cavity lights.
Part I derived the rest-mass ratios of the electron, muon, pion, proton and neutron from a Calderbank–Shor–Steane stabilizer code on the face-centered cubic lattice D 3 , matching experiment to within 0.12% with no fitted parameters. It could not reach the tauon, neutrinos, gauge bosons or Higgs. We lift the construction to the D 4 lattice with one coordinate read as Lorentzian time; the spatial slice is exactly D 3 , so the earlier predictions are unchanged. Under that signature the lattice is the D 3 code time-stepped along null bonds: the Z- and X-stabilizer sites alternate between the D 3 sites and its octahedral voids from slice to slice, and the 12 time-mixed bonds are lightlike. Five structural hypotheses are stated in advance, and every result is tagged with those it requires. Three results are computational. The sector counts in the mass formulas are exact stabilizer counts of a vertex–plaquette code on the same lattice, which extends to four chain-complex codes whose logical spaces realize the Betti numbers of the 4-torus, ( 4,6,4,1 ) . The D 4 code has parameters [ [ 1536,1282,3 ] ] with uniform weight-24 stabilizers. The null bonds point along the coordinate axes, exactly the directions the D 3 shell lacks; with equal null and spacelike hop weights, the fourth moment of the spatial bond set is exactly isotropic and tree-level dispersion anisotropy is suppressed by ( k a ) 4 rather than ( k a ) 2 . Emergent Lorentz invariance is left open. Two mass predictions are conditional on stated hypotheses. The tauon cost follows from the muon’s counting rule applied to the 24-cell modulo time reversal, which fixes every purely spatial object and leaves the muon untouched: 78 × 45 − 27 = 3483 against a measured 3477.23 (0.17%). The Higgs cost of 244,944 follows from the same shedding axiom, within experimental uncertainty. Neutrinos and gauge bosons are treated qualitatively.
The discrete eigenvalues of the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) play a fundamental role in the analysis of radiation transport under anisotropic scattering conditions. For the Henyey–Greenstein phase function, these eigenvalues depend on the single-scattering albedo (ω) and the anisotropy parameter (g). Although the Legendre polynomial (P9) approximation provides accurate reference solutions, each parameter combination requires a separate numerical solution.In this study, a multi-output machine learning framework is developed to predict the five dominant discrete eigenvalues of the RTE directly from the optical parameters. A reference dataset was generated using a Mathematica implementation of the P9 method and used to train three regression models: Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). Model performance was assessed using standard statistical error metrics and comparisons with the reference P9 solutions.All three models achieved high predictive accuracy (R2 > 0.95), with the MLP model providing the best overall performance, particularly for the higher-order eigenvalues. Once trained, the surrogate models estimate the five dominant eigenvalues directly from the optical parameters without repeated execution of the P9 solution procedure. These results demonstrate that conventional multi-output machine learning models provide an accurate and practical surrogate approach for repeated eigenvalue predictions within the investigated parameter domain.
