Meat, poultry and seafoods are vulnerable to microbial growth, lipid oxidation and enzymatic breakdown, collectively leading to significant quality deterioration and increased food waste. Conventional packaging offer passive barrier protection but do not react to changing spoilage routes or mechanical distribution damage. The review critically summarizes the recent developments in self-healing, programmable and AI-integrated bio-nanocomposite packaging systems in muscle food preservation. The key novelty of this work lies in the integration of three traditionally distinct domains- bio-nanocomposite reinforcement, autonomous self-healing matrices and intelligent sensor AI frameworks into a unified adaptive preservation model. Biodegradable polymers (e.g., chitosan, gelatine, PLA with TiO₂, ZnO, Ag, nanoclays, CNCs) reinforced with nanofillers increase mechanical strength, barrier properties, and antimicrobial activity. Self-healing polymers autonomously restore barrier integrity following micro-scale damage, thereby preventing oxygen ingress and reducing the risk of microbial contamination (Trivedi and Gupta 2024). In addition, programmable packaging platforms incorporating stimuli-responsive delivery systems enable the controlled release of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents in response to environmental triggers such as pH variation, moisture fluctuations, or temperature changes (Gheisary et al. 2025; Hadi et al. 2024). The AI-based sensors also enable real-time tracking of volatile amines, gas composition and temperature history that can be used to predict the shelf-life and make decisions based on the data. It offers next-generation intelligent packaging as a multifunctional, sustainable preservation platform by uniting material science, smart sensing, validation strategies, scalability considerations, and regulatory aspects based on their alignment with the requirements of the circular economy and food security.
This study focuses on the development of lignin based biofilm for utilization of undervalued industrial waste lignin through optimal variation of crosslinker functionality (citric acid, tartaric acid, and oxalic acid), crosslinker concentration (0.10–0.20
With the rapid growth of the global population, agricultural fertilizer consumption has risen drastically. Nevertheless, conventional fertilizers suffer severe nutrient loss via leaching and runoff, causing economic waste and environmental risks. Herein, a novel phytic-acid-modified corn stalk composite superabsorbent (PCS-SAPs) was fabricated through graft copolymerization of itaconic acid (IA), acrylamide (AM), vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) and phytic-acid-treated corn stalk (PCS). Fertilizer solution adsorption capacity of PCS-SAPs rose first and then declined with increasing PCS content, reaching the maximum at 15 wt
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is a growing concern across various industries, from consumer electronics to aerospace, and poses significant challenges in maintaining the reliability and functionality of electronic systems. Traditional metallic EMI shielding materials, while effective, come with inherent drawbacks such as weight, rigidity, and difficulty in large-scale production. This review explores advances in polymer-based composites that integrate metals, metal oxides, and metal complexes, offering a versatile and cost-effective alternative for EMI shielding. The review discusses the fundamentals of EMI shielding, including reflection, absorption, and multiple reflection mechanisms, along with key parameters that influence shielding effectiveness. It further delves into the various polymers used in EMI shielding composites, ranging from thermoplastics and thermosets to conducting polymers and elastomers, highlighting the role of structure–property relationships. The incorporation of metallic fillers, including nanoparticles such as Cu, Ag, and Ni, is examined, with a focus on dispersion, interfacial interactions, and the percolation threshold required for optimal conductivity and shielding. The review also covers metal oxide and metal complex-based composites, discussing their magnetic and dielectric loss mechanisms, as well as their performance in EMI shielding. Hybrid and multifunctional composites that combine metals, metal oxides, and complexes are presented, emphasizing their synergistic effects, lightweight nature, and flexibility. Processing techniques such as solution mixing, melt blending, electrospinning, and 3D printing are explored for their role in enhancing scalability and fabrication efficiency. The challenges of material dispersion, cost, and sustainability are addressed, and future research directions are proposed, including the development of smart, multifunctional, and environmentally friendly composites. This comprehensive review serves as a critical resource for advancing the design and application of polymer-based EMI shielding materials across diverse industries.
Geopolymers have emerged as promising materials for incorporating supplementary additives to enhance electromagnetic (EM) shielding performance. However, the combined effects of functional powders and conductive fibers on the mechanical, electromagnetic, economic, and environmental performance of rhyolitic tuff-based geopolymers remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this study investigated rhyolitic tuff-based geopolymers incorporating micronized calcite and ZnO at varying percentages and reinforced with 2
