In order to explore the main pathogen of respiratory tract diseases in a sheep farm in Shaanxi province,the lung tissues of eight sheep died from respiratory tract diseases were tested for Mycoplasma,PPRV,foot-and-mouth disease virus and parainfluenza virus,respective.However,all of the above patho-gens tested were negative.Typical bacteria were isolated in the lung samples,identified morphologically,bi-ochemically,and finally by 16S rDNA profiling.Five P.aeruginosa strains,isolated from eight lung samples eventually(PA1-5),were subjected to a pathogenicity test in mice,antimicbial sensitivity test,and biofilm-forming test.The results showed that the mice were dead after challenge with the isolates in 24 hours.At the time of necropsy,the lungs,livers,spleens appeared enlarged with hemorrhage and sometimes with nec-rotic foci.PA1-5 isolates were sensitive to enrofloxacin and gentamicin,and resistant to ampicillin,amoxicil-lin,temicoxin,florfenicol,taloxectin,tevanistin and doxycycline.The biofilm-forming test showed that PA1 had moderate biofilm forming ability and PA2-5 had weak biofilm forming ability.The present study re-vealed that P.aeruginosa infection is the leading cause of sheep death.Enrofloxacin and gentamicin can be used alternately for treatment.In conclusion,this study provides a guidance for the prevention and treat-ment of sheep respiratory diseases caused by P.aeruginosa.
In order to establish the TLC identification method of Herba Lobelia in Erding Extract Powder,the identification method of Herba Lobelia in Erding Extract Powder was established from the aspects of sample pretreatment method,TLC developing agent,inspection method,TLC plate type,sample amount,etc.The stability of the detection method was studied from different manufacturers/batches of thin layer plates,different environmental temperatures and humidities.The TLC identification method of Herba Lobe-lia in Erding extract powder was successfully established.The results showed that the established TLC i-dentification method of Herba Lobelia was specific and stable,and could be used for qualitative identifica-tion of Herba Lobelia in Erding Extract Powder.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS)is a significant disease in swine,charac-terized by blue-purple discoloration of both ears in infected pigs,also known as"blue ear disease".This epi-demic has caused substantial economic losses,and the PRRS virus is highly prone to variation and recombi-nation.The vaccination is the most important approach to prevent and control the disease,current available vaccines,including inactivated and live attenuated vaccines,as well as newer subunit and DNA vaccines,have not yet achieved the disease eradication.mRNA vaccines,which are notable for their exceptional safe-ty,efficacy,high yield,and convenience,are highly likely to achieve complete prevention and control of blue ear disease.The paper provides an overview of the current status of PRRS prevention and control,the pro-gress of mRNA vaccine research,and the potential of mRNA vaccines to control this disease,offering new directions for PRRS prevention and control.
Spotty liver disease(SLD)in chickens is an important infectious disease in poultry industry.SLD mainly affected in laying hens and broiler breeders.There are small multiple,grey/white spots in the liver surface of the in-fected chickens,and named after this pathological feature.Indicators of SLD include an acute drop in egg produc-tion,together with increased mortality,this lead to huge economic losses to the poultry industry.This article re-viewed the research advances on occurence,discovery of pathogen of diseases,the characteristics of the pathogen(Campylobacter hepatica),the epidemic characteristics,clinical symptoms and pathological lesions,diagnosis and control of SLD in recent years to provide references for further study and control of SLD.
Francisella tularensis(Ft)is a zoonotic intracellular pathogen and belongs to the Gram-negative bacteria,which can infect many types of cells.It is a pleomorphic facultative aerobe without spores and fla-gella.In vivo,Ft primarily infects and replicates in macrophages.Ft has evolved multiple mechanisms to an-tagonize the immune mechanism of the host,adapts to the environment in host macrophage cytoplasma,and delays the apoptosis of host cells.These strategies mainly include the enhancement of uptake bacteria,escape from phagosomes,antagonism of host oxidative defense,inhibition of host inflammatory response and maintenance of self-stability,etc.This paper mainly reviews the research progress on the pathogenic mechanism of Ft,in order to provide references for the research of this pathogen.
