Wisdom can be understood as a resource for adaptation and adjustment that contributes to well-being in various demanding life circumstances, including aging as both a biological process and a sociohistorical phenomenon. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between wisdom and subjective well-being and ill-being in individuals over 60 years of age, using two independent groups assessed a decade apart. Well-being included self-esteem, self-rated health, and life satisfaction, while ill-being encompassed anxiety and depression symptoms. One group consisted of 113 participants aged 60–89 in 2012 and the other included 118 participants in 2022. Wisdom was assessed using the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS), which provided a total score and scores on five subscales: experience, emotional regulation, reminiscence/reflectiveness, humour, and openness. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding life satisfaction, health, and overall wisdom, except that openness was slightly higher in 2022. Self-esteem, anxiety, and depression symptoms were higher in the 2022 group. When the groups were combined, age was weakly negatively associated with health and positively associated with anxiety symptoms, and women reported marginally higher anxiety levels. Controlling for age, gender, and group, wisdom dimensions modestly contributed to higher life satisfaction and self-esteem, to better health, and fewer anxiety and depression symptoms. Except for reminiscence/reflectiveness, the other four wisdom dimensions individually predicted at least one well-being variable, with emotional regulation and humour showing the strongest effects. These findings suggest that fostering wisdom throughout life may enhance well-being in old age.
The construct of mindfulness has gained significant prominence in psychological and neuroscientific research; however, its definition remains inconsistent across academic literature. This systematic review, guided by the PRISMA methodology, aimed to examine how mindfulness is currently conceptualized in relation to executive functions (EFs). A purposive search of Google Scholar identified 36 eligible studies published between 2019 and 2024 that provided explicit definitions or conceptual frameworks for mindfulness. Through qualitative content analysis, nine distinct EF categories were used to code 102 extracted definitions. The most frequently represented functions were attention regulation, self-monitoring, and emotional and behavioral self-regulation, suggesting that mindfulness is primarily defined as a metacognitive capacity for present-moment awareness and adaptive control. Less commonly referenced functions included planning, organization, and working memory. A co-occurrence analysis revealed dominant EF clusters, while a temporal analysis showed increasing complexity in definitions over time. Notably, the study identifies a conceptual gap between the definitional emphasis on attentional and affective regulation and empirical findings that highlight higher-order cognitive mechanisms such as psychological flexibility and inhibitory control. These findings underscore the need to integrate executive and neurocognitive processes into future theoretical models of mindfulness to enhance conceptual clarity, improve measurement, and inform intervention design.
A person can be engaged not only at work but also in other areas of life. Studies have shown that people can be engaged in sports, academia, or daily family activities. In fact, family engagement appears to be an important construct that lacks attention and a valid measurement tool. This paper aims to present the modification of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the most widely used scale developed for measuring work engagement, to measure family engagement. Two quantitative, cross-sectional studies were conducted in Lithuania. Study 1, a pilot study, confirmed good internal reliability of the newly modified 9- and 17-item versions of the scale and found a positive relationship with positive affect, providing preliminary evidence for construct validity. Study 2 confirmed the discriminant, convergent, and structural validity of the Family Engagement Scale. Based on the findings from exploratory graph analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, a one-factor solution for the scale was chosen as the best fit for the data. Strengths, limitations, directions for future research, and implications for practice are discussed.
Pristranost u citiranju literature ponajprije se odnosi na tendenciju citiranja pozitivnih i jasnih empirijskih rezultata i tvrdnji naspram onih negativnih i nejasnih. Iako je taj tip pristranosti opisan za različite literature, postoje pokazatelji koji ukazuju i na razlike u stupnju pristranosti među raznim disciplinama. Stoga je važno analizirati pristranosti u citiranju u specifičnim istraživačkim područjima. Cilj je ovoga rada bio istražiti pristranost u citiranju u komparativnoj psihologiji u području koje se bavi ispitivanjem fizičke kognicije životinja. Testirana je pristranost u citiranju radova objavljenih između 1994. i 2019. godine (ukupno 57 radova), uzimajući u obzir kategoriju kojoj je glavna tvrdnja iz izvornoga članka bila dodijeljena („pozitivna”, „negativna”, „nejasna”) i čimbenik odjeka časopisa u kojemu je članak objavljen. Ukupno je pronađen 2991 citirajući rad. Rezultati ukazuju na to da ne postoji jasan učinak kategorizacije glavne tvrdnje na stopu citiranosti, kao ni jasna uloga čimbenika odjeka časopisa kao medijatora. Ti rezultati upućuju na to da za to područje istraživanja u komparativnoj psihologiji ne postoji jasna pristranost u citiranosti radova koja se temelji na prirodi rezultata i tvrdnji.
Organisms, including humans, would have disproportionately descended from ancestors who, over generations, captured fitness benefits and are therefore expected to be well-designed to procure those benefits. When individuals cannot directly obtain benefits, they may still secure them by seeking assistance from others. Emotional tears may serve as signals through which people influence others to act on their behalf in ways that benefit them, in situations in which their bargaining power is relatively low. Here, we test the hypothesis that, in a conflict between two individuals, people expect the individual with lower bargaining power to be more likely to tear up. We conducted an online experiment with participants from the United States (N = 410) and India (N = 276). Participants read vignettes depicting conflicts between an individual with relatively low fighting ability (a wife, a daughter, or a physically weak man) and another individual with higher fighting ability (a husband, a mother, or a physically strong man), accompanied by images of their faces. Consistent with the hypothesis, participants expected target individuals to tear up more when they perceived them as less physically formidable. However, participants did not consistently expect tears from the weaker individual in a dyad. Overall, the findings suggest that perceived fighting ability may represent an important cue in judgments about the likelihood of tearing up in others. Tears may serve as a bargaining tactic when one’s bargaining potential is low.
