Single-crystalline Cs3Cu2I5 has attracted considerable interest owing to its excellent scintillation performance and favorable stability. Nevertheless, second phases induced by peritectic reactions during melt growth give rise to deteriorated scintillation properties and promote crystal cracking. In this work, the effects of non-stoichiometric ratios of raw material (n(CsI) = 0.57, 0.62, and 0.63) on the crystallization behavior and scintillation properties were systematically investigated. The results show that the crystal quality is optimal at n(CsI) = 0.62, featuring high transparency, absence of macroscopic inclusions, and crack-free, with a PLQY of 79.3
Na3V2(PO4)2O2F (NVPOF)具有较高的理论比容量、 高能量密度以及结构可调性, 被认为是极具潜力的钠离子电池正极材料. 然而, 其本征电子电导率较低、 Na+扩散动力学缓慢, 仍制约其实际应用. 为解决上述问题, 本工作采用水热法合成了Nb掺杂并经聚多巴胺包覆的Na3V1.94Nb0.06(PO4)2O2F@PDA正极材料(记为NVPOF-Nb-C). Nb掺杂能够稳定晶体结构并优化Na+传输通道, 从而加速Na+扩散; 同时引入的Nb–O键有助于缓解循环过程中结构退化. 另一方面, 由聚多巴胺(PDA)衍生的均匀导电碳骨架进一步提升了电子传输能力. 电化学测试结果表明, NVPOF-Nb-C在0.5 C下的初始放电比容量为134.5 mAh g−1; 在1 C条件下循环700次后容量保持率约为97.12
Electrically actuated microrobots are promising for applications including environmental monitoring, miniature object manipulation, and exploration in confined or hazardous environments. Electrically actuated functional materials play a central role in this process, converting electrical energy into the mechanical work that powers microrobots. The electromechanical performance of these materials directly governs the microrobots’ key locomotion capabilities, including obstacle-crossing ability and energy efficiency. Furthermore, the distinct electromechanical properties of different material types also determine their applicability to specific locomotion modes. Focusing on various electrically actuated functional materials, this review systematically investigates the intrinsic coupling mechanisms between their electromechanical performance parameters and the diverse locomotion modes of microrobots, thereby identifying the current performance boundaries in this field. Finally, we summarize the challenges and future trends in microrobot locomotion to help researchers set their research direction and goals.
Thin films with nonreciprocal circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emit circularly polarized light with opposite handedness from their two opposite sides, holding great promise for advancing optical multiplexing technologies. Herein, we introduce component orientation mismatch into chiral composite films via stretching, which leads to macroscopic optical anisotropy and accordingly drives the films to show nonreciprocal CPL activity. Stretching triggers linear dichroism-linear birefringence (LD-LB) coupling to realize nonreciprocal circular dichroism (CD) in elastomer films consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and chiral polyacetylene (R/S-PSA). Moreover, fluorescence anisotropy-linear birefringence (f-LB) coupling occurs after introducing fluorescent groups into the films to achieve multi-color nonreciprocal CPL. The unstretched films exhibit reciprocal CPL with a luminescence dissymmetry factor (∣glum∣) of 10−1, with handedness determined by PSA’s intrinsic helical chirality. In the stretched films, the oriented fluorescent groups undergo f-LB coupling with matrix crystallization, resulting in nonreciprocal CPL (∣glum∣=10−2). Based on this distinctive chiroptical feature, we have developed chiral logic gates, multidimensional optical encryption systems, and enantioselective photopolymerization platforms to demonstrate the potential uses of the as-obtained CPL films. This work provides both fundamental insights into and a versatile material platform for developing smart nonreciprocal photonic systems with advanced chiroptical functionality.
Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) demands highly active and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts under acidic conditions, yet iridium (Ir) scarcity limits large-scale application. Therefore, developing cost-effective Ir-based catalysts with enhanced utilization efficiency and durability is critically important. Here, we report an iridium-doped cobalt oxide nanosheet catalyst derived from a zeolitic imidazolate framework template. After carbon removal, the optimized catalyst exhibits an overpotential of 253 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in acidic media. In a PEMWE cell, the catalyst achieves a cell voltage of 1.635 V at 1 A cm−2 with an Ir loading of 0.4 mg cm−2 and sustains stable operation for over 2740 h with a voltage decay rate of 33.82 µV h−1. Potential-dependent dissolution analysis reveals that catalyst dissolution is markedly suppressed under higher operating potentials. These findings elucidate the intrinsic relationship between catalyst stability and applied potential and can guide the rational design of stable electrocatalysts for diverse practical operating conditions.
