The milder winters and longer-than-normal warm periods of recent years in Romania have increased the popularity of the fig trees (Ficus carica L.) among fruit growers. Fig trees have proven to be quite resistant to diseases and pests in our continental temperate conditions. However, in recent years, several foliar diseases have been observed. Our research focused on detecting and identifying main fig diseases on the existing germplasm collection ofthe Faculty of Horticulture, USAMV of Bucharest. Our results highlight the presence of Fig Mosaic Disease (FMD) and brown spot (Passalora trichophila) on leaves. Black mold (Aspergillus niger) and fruit mold (Cladosporium sp.) have been identified on fig fruits. Also, the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum has been detected on fig cuttings with symptoms of wilting and basal rot. To our knowledge, this is the first report in Romania ofFMD, Passalora trichophila, and Fusarium oxysporum. Further studies are needed to identify the complex of different viruses responsible for FMD in Romania.
The researches were carried out in the Valea Calugareasca viticultural center in a vineyard with the Cabernet Sauvignon variety. The experimental device included as an experimental factor the soil maintenance system (black field, permanent grass with herbs from spontaneous flora, lawn, phacelia, white clover and vetch). The viticultural climate, characterized by a high heliothermic regime, against the background of reduced water resources and the technological variants experienced had a differentiated impact on the quantity and quality of grape production. The soil maintenance variants with Phacelia and vetch ensured significant differences in production, +1.052 kg/vine and +0.924 kg/vine, respectively. The deviation from the optimal content of the sugar of 12.0-12.8% was registered in the case of the soil maintenance variant with Phacelia, vetch and white clover. The leaf area required to produce one gram ofgrape in the conditions of maximum sugar accumulations was between 11.05 cm(2)/g grape (the soil maintenance system variant by phacelia) and 9.92 cm(2)/g grape (the soil maintenance system variant as black field).
Boxwood species, valued for their ecological adaptability, face growing threats from pests, notably the boxwood leafminer (Monarthropalpus buxi Laboulb & egrave;ne), which has severely impacted landscapes and nurseries in recent years. The aim of this study was to monitoring the evolution and ecology of Monarthropalpus buxi according to the local biotope and testing two insecticides in order to control the pest in North-Eastern part of Romania. The life cycle of boxwood leafminer was described in relation to GDD. The appearance of the first adults in 2022 was recorded at an accumulation of 196.2 GDD on 09th May, and the appearance of adults began at an accumulation of 191.7 GDD on 02nd May in 2023. The maximum flight curve was recorded at accumulations between 262.7 GDD (2022), respectively 246.3 GDD (2023). Last appearance of adults was observed on 28th May (2022) and 25 Mayth (2023). The larval stages in 2022 developed at accumulations between 675.7 - 1298.3 GDD and in the following year the larvae developed between 670.4 - 1317.1 GDD. Statistical methods were used to interpret the obtained results.
The study (2022-2023) at Moara Domneasc & abreve; Experimental Base, affiliated with the Research and Development Station for Pomology B & abreve;neasa, Ilfov County, evaluated the effects of land shaping, localized irrigation, and two rootstocks on the growth of the 'Anna Sp & auml;th' plum cultivar using a split-plot experimental design. Planting on ridged terrain did not significantly enhance growth parameters. In 2023, the trunk cross-sectional area was 1.23 cm(2) smaller per tree in ridged terrain than in flat terrain. Localized irrigation significantly improved growth. The trunk cross-sectional area increased by 0.86 cm(2) in the first year, 1.77 cm(2 )in the second year, and 1.31 cm(2) on average. The number of shoots per tree rose by 2.77 (2022), 3.07 (2023), and 2.92 on average. Total shoot length increased by 183.5 cm (2022), 358.6 cm (2023), and 271.0 cm on average. The mean shoot length grew by 12.62 cm (2023) and 10.05 cm on average. No significant differences were observed between the two rootstocks. These results emphasize the benefits of localized irrigation in improving plum tree growth, while land shaping and rootstock selection had no notable impact.
The Green Forest around Timisoara is home to numerous species of harmful insects. We would like to focus our attention on the species Metcalfa pruinosa known as Citrus FlatidPlanthopper through this work. Uncontrolled, it is clear that the species can become dangerous for both woody plants in forests and those that constitute ground vegetation. Our study included observations of the size ofnymph groups through the specific wax secretion left on the leaves of deciduous trees, 60-80 years old, but also older. The analysis was carried out in 7 sectors of the forest and had macroscopic techniques on site, by marking the target trees. All 8 plant species analyzed were affected in percentages ranging from 4.5% to 38%. The results showed that in sectors with predominant plants of Ulmus sp. and Acer sp. there were the most foliage with secretions, nymphs and adults. Also, the inner part of marginal trees and those near wide, airy paths were more affected by Metcalfa colonies. Regular monitoring could lead to reduction of damage.
