The regularities of ensuring the quality of the metal lining surface of the of railway car bodies before the operation of factory or repair painting are described. The gas-dynamic method given in this paper can significantly improve the efficiency and quality of surface preparation for painting. The results of the study of particles acceleration in a gas-dynamic flow are presented, the process of abrasive particles collision with the surface, the degree of cleaning of the car metal lining, and the surface roughness after treatment are researched. The influence of all the above factors on the quality of the pre-painting is described. The relevance of this study is determined by the high requirements of manufacturers of paint and varnish materials for the quality of pre-painting of metal surfaces.
The study objective is to analyze the values of contact approach in the flat joints of special equipment, using unified modules obtained from the experiment and existing dependencies. The task is to compare the values of contact approaches obtained as a result of calculations based on existing dependencies with the results of experiments. Research methods: experimental studies and already existing computational methods of research to determine the values of contact approach. The novelty of the work: refined dependencies are obtained, as well as the values of coefficients of already existing dependencies for calculating the values of contact approaches of extended parts of unified modules during their assembly. Research results: the obtained results of calculations and experiments are analyzed. The values of the coefficients for the existing methods of calculating contact approach are refined, and experimental dependences are obtained. Conclusions: studies have shown that for extended contact sections, the use of calculated dependencies in some conditions gives an error that cannot be neglected. When designing high-precision equipment, such calculations require accurate definition.
The issues are considered that are connected with substantiating the strength and stability of the metal structure of a double-deck passenger car body under the influence of both compressive loads and the effects of excessive solar radiation and other external factors. A computational and experimental method is proposed for assessing the stability of corrugated sections of the roof slopes of passenger car bodies. Five variants of the structural design of the double-deck car roof covering are proposed. The stability of the covering for the accepted variants was evaluated by an analytical method using a tabular and rod finite element model. Based on the results of the calculation, a rational variant of the structural design of the car roof was determined. The results of theoretical studies are confirmed by the data of full-scale bench tests of the metal structure of a new double-deck car body.
The energy management of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a global optimization problem, and its optimal solution inevitably entails knowing the entire mission profile. The exploitation of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) connectivity can pave the way for reliable short-term vehicle speed predictions. As a result, the capabilities of conventional energy management strategies can be enhanced by integrating the predicted vehicle speed into the powertrain control strategy. Therefore, in this paper, an innovative Adaptation algorithm uses the predicted speed profile for an Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (A-V2X-ECMS). Driving pattern identification is employed to adapt the equivalence factor of the ECMS when a change in the driving patterns occurs, or when the State of Charge (SoC) experiences a high deviation from the target value. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on several energetic indices to select the ones that predominate in characterizing the different driving patterns. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) deep neural networks were trained to choose the optimal value of the equivalence factor for a specific sequence of data (i.e., speed, acceleration, power, and initial SoC). The potentialities of the innovative A-V2X-ECMS were assessed, through numerical simulation, on a diesel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) available on the European market. A virtual test rig of the investigated vehicle was built in the GT-SUITE software environment and validated against a wide database of experimental data. The simulations proved that the proposed approach achieves results much closer to optimal than the conventional energy management strategies taken as a reference.
Although the diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies provided transportation analysists with new data sources (such as Floating Car and mobile devices), the use of permanent sensors installed on roads is still of paramount importance for traffic analysis. Continuous count stations are one of the main components of a road traffic monitoring program, which could fulfil several aims: (1) planning of a transportation system, (2) traffic management and operations, (3) improvement of road safety, (4) special monitoring for planned/emergency events, and (5) estimation of environmental impacts. In this research activity a Fuzzy Delphi Analytic Hierarchy Process (FDAHP) was applied to select the best locations for a fixed number of permanent count stations, as the basis of a traffic monitoring program that can reach the previously described targets. A real case study was developed in the Città Metropolitana di Venezia (Italy), where budget limitations imposed the need for a scientific and sound framework to decide where new sensors should be installed. Specific objectives and criteria were defined, as well as proper indicators to quantify them using available data. Their relative importance was evaluated by a panel of experts belonging to several agencies, therefore with different perspectives. The information obtained was analysed following the FDAHP approach to produce a ranking of the potential locations. The proposed holistic approach can be considered as a reference framework for a system to support local authorities in creating a traffic monitoring system and can be easily applied to other study areas.
